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Table 4 Protein expression of TGF-β signaling components inversely correlate with CXCL1 expression in breast stroma

From: Elevated CXCL1 expression in breast cancer stroma predicts poor prognosis and is inversely associated with expression of TGF-β signaling proteins

Signaling component

r

95% CI

p-value

n

TGF-β

-0.33

-0.52 to -0.09

0.01

69

p-Smad2

-0.25

-0.44 to -0.027

0.02

80

p-Smad3

-0.32

-0.50 to -0.10

<0.01

81

  1. Spearman Correlation used to determine the association between expression of CXCL1 and expression of TGF-β signaling components in normal and breast cancer stroma. Normal stroma refers to samples from both reduction mammoplasty and adjacent breast tissue.
  2. Significance was determined by p<0.05. r= correlation coefficient.