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Table 3 Summary of relative risks from meta-analyses on the association between vitamin D status and risk of cancer

From: Obesity and cancer: the role of vitamin D

Cancer

Study, publication year

Country

No. of subjects; Type of study

RR (95% CI)

Notes

Measure/Range of vitamin D

Breast

Bauer SR et al., 2013

USA

11,656; 9 prospective

0.99 (0.97-1.04)

Pre-menopausal

17-33.1 ng/mL (Mean)

Bauer SR et al., 2013

USA

11,656; 9 prospective

0.97 (0.93-1.00)

Post-menopausal

17-33.1 ng/mL (Mean)

Yin L et al., 2010

Germany

Case-control

0.74 (0.69-0.80)

 

By 20 ng/mL increase

Chen P et al., 2010

China

11,330; 4 case-control/3 nested case-control

0.55 (0.38-0.80)

 

Top vs. bottom quantiles (varies)

Gandini S et al., 2011

France

10 studies

0.89 (0.81-0.98)

 

By 10 ng/mL increase

Chen P et al., 2013

China

26,317; 21 studies

0.52 (0.40-0.68)

 

By 1 ng/mL increase

Kidney

Gallicchio L et al., 2010

USA

1,550; 8 cohorts

1.12 (0.79-1.59)

Low <37.5 nmol/L

<37.5 vs. 50-<75 (ref) nmol/L

Gallicchio L et al., 2010

USA

1,550; 8 cohorts

1.01 (0.65-1.58)

High ≥75 nmol/L

≥75 vs. 50-<75 (ref) nmol/L

Pancreatic

Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ et al., 2010

USA

2,285; 8 cohorts

0.96 (0.66-1.40)

Low <25 nmol/L

<25 vs. 50-<75 (ref) nmol/L

Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ et al., 2010

USA

2,285; 8 cohorts

2.14 (0.93-4.92)

High ≥100 nmol/L

≥100 vs. 50-<75 (ref) nmol/L

Colorectal

Touvier M et al., 2011

UK

6 studies

0.96 (0.94-0.97)

 

200-1,800 IU/L

Lee JE et al., 2011

USA

8 prospective

0.66 (0.54-0.81)

 

Top vs. bottom quantiles (varies)

Ma Y et al., 2011

China

6,715; 9 studies

0.67 (0.54-0.80)

 

Top vs. bottom categories (varies)

Yin L et al., 2009 (Aliment Pharmacol Ther)

Germany

3,556; 8 studies

0.57 (0.43-0.76)

 

By 20 ng/mL increase

Gorham ED et al., 2007

USA

1,448; 5 nested case–control

0.49 (0.35-0.68)

 

Top vs. bottom quintile (varies)

Gandini S et al., 2011

France

9 studies

0.85 (0.79-0.91)

 

By 10 ng/mL increase

Prostate

Gilbert R et al., 2011

UK

14 cohort/nested case–control

1.04 (0.99-1.10)

 

By 10 ng/mL increase

Yin L et al., 2009 (Cancer Epidemiol)

Germany

7,806; 11 studies

1.03 (0.96-1.11)

 

By 10 ng/mL increase

Gandini S et al., 2011

France

11 studies

0.99 (0.95-1.03)

 

By 10 ng/mL increase

Ovarian

Yin L et al., 2011

Germany

2,488; 10 longitudinal

0.83 (0.63-1.08)

 

By 20 ng/mL increase

All Cancers

Yin L et al., 2013

Germany

5 studies

0.89 (0.81-0.97)

Total cancer incidence

Per 50nmol/L increase

13 studies

0.83 (0.71-0.96)

Total cancer mortality

Per 50nmol/L increase

3 studies

0.76 (0.60-0.98)

Total cancer mortality (women)

Per 50nmol/L increase

5 studies

0.92 (0.65-1.32)

Total cancer mortality (men)

Per 50nmol/L increase

  1. Abbreviations: RR relative risk, USA United States of America, UK United Kingdom, ref reference.