Table 3 Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)

Gender

  Male

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  Female

1.34* (1.23-1.50)

1.31* (1.18-1.45)

1.21* (1.09-1.33)

1.15 (1.04-1.27)

1.56* (1.39-1.75)

1.48* (1.33-1.67)

Age

  < 60 years

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  ≥ 60 years

0.92 (0.83-1.01)

0.93 (0.84-1.02)

0.94 (0.85-1.03)

0.95 (0.86-1.05)

0.97 (0.86-1.08)

0.99 (0.88-1.11)

Educational qualifications

  Yes

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  No

1.70* (1.53-1.88)

1.66* (1.49-1.84)

1.49* (1.35-1.65)

1.43* (1.29-1.58)

1.52* (1.34-1.71)

1.40* (1.24-1.59)

Ethnicity

  White

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  Not White

1.30 (1.01-1.66)

1.24 (0.96-1.59)

1.35 (1.06-1.72)

1.24 (0.97-1.59)

2.06* (1.60-2.65)

1.85* (1.43-2.39)

Marital status

  Married or cohabiting

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

  Not married or cohabiting

0.95 (0.84-1.06)

0.91 (0.81-1.03)

1.11 (0.99-1.24)

1.05 (0.93-1.17)

1.17 (1.03-1.33)

1.08 (0.95-1.23)

General health

  Excellent/good

-

REF

-

REF

-

REF

  Fair/poor

1.05 (0.94-1.18)

1.22* (1.09-1.36)

1.50* (1.33-1.70)

Anxiety

  Low

-

REF

-

REF

-

REF

  High

1.50* (1.35-1.66)

1.82* (1.64-2.02)

2.11* (1.90-2.42)

Nagelkerke R²

.029

.042

.017

.050

.031

.084

χ ² (5) = 142.6, p < .001

χ ² (7) = 206.3, p < .001

χ ² (5) = 84.3, p < .001

χ ² (7) = 250.9, p < .001

χ ² (5) = 138.4, p < .001

χ ² (7) = 382.4, p < .001