Predicting invasive breast cancer versus DCIS in different age groups

BMC Cancer

Table 4 Multivariable model for the middle group using stepwise regression with AIC criterion*

Risk factor		Beta	Odds ratio	95% CI (Lower -Upper)			p value
	(Intercept)	-1.367	0.255	0.16	-	0.41		<0.001	***
Principal mammography finding							<0.001		***
	Calcifications or Single dilated duct	0	1(referent)
	Architectural distortion	18.123	Inf	0	-	Inf		0.979
	Associated calcifications	1.911	6.757	3.04	-	15.03		<0.001	***
	Missing	0.562	1.754	0.95	-	3.23		0.072	*
	Asymmetry or Focal asymmetry	2.212	9.13	1.83	-	45.5		0.007	***
	Mass	2.81	16.604	7.54	-	36.55		<0.001	***
	Developing asymmetry	18.049	Inf	0	-	Inf		0.991
Palpable lump							<0.001		***
	No corresponding palpable mass	0	1(referent)
	Missing	1.01	2.74	0.68	-	11.1		0.158
	Corresponding palpable mass	1.2	3.322	1.91	-	5.79		<0.001	***
Mass margins							<0.001		***
	None	0	1(referent)
	Circumscribed	0.529	1.697	0.14	-	20.5		0.677
	Ill-Defined	0.24	1.272	0.31	-	5.24		0.74
	Obscured	16.662	Inf	0	-	Inf		0.991
	Spiculated	2.6	13.463	3.03	-	59.76		0.001	***
Prior surgery							0.05		**
	Not present	0	1(referent)
	Missing	0.729	2.074	0.97	-	4.42		0.059	*
	Present	0.627	1.871	1.07	-	3.28		0.029	**
Mass shape							0.08		*
	None	0	1(referent)
	Irregular	2.114	8.28	0.96	-	71.31		0.054	*
	Lobular or Oval	0.728	2.072	0.36	-	11.88		0.414
	Round	16.123	Inf	0	-	Inf		0.997

The model is presented in the order of inclusion into the model.
*Asterisks denote the level of significance such that: *** p-value < 0.001; **p-value < 0.05, and * p-value <0.1.
“Inf” (short for infinity) is inserted at places where the data for the corresponding variable is sparsely populated and produces a very high and unstable odds ratio.

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