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Figure 1 | BMC Cancer

Figure 1

From: Pharmacological modulation of autophagy enhances Newcastle disease virus-mediated oncolysis in drug-resistant lung cancer cells

Figure 1

Oncolytic NDV/FMW induces apoptosis and modulates autophagy in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Paclitaxel-resistant A549 (A549/PTX) and cisplatin-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) and parental cells were infected with NDV/FMW at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, and at the indicated time points. (A) Activation of caspase-3 and LC3I to LC3II conversion were analyzed by immunoblot (IB) assay, using β-Actin as a loading control. R stands for rapamycin, an autophagy inducer used as the positive control. Densitometry was performed for quantification, and the ratios of LC3II to β-Actin are presented below the blots. The results shown are representative of two separate experiments. (B-D) Drug-reisistant A549 and parental cells were transfected with GFP-LC3, followed by NDV/FMW infection for 24 h. The pictures show mock-infected cells, cells treated with rapamycin for 24 h as a positive control. The number of cells with punctated GFP-LC3 is displayed as a histogram. *p < 0.05;**p < 0.01. (E-G) Transmission electron microscopy analysis of cells infected with NDV/FMW for 24 h. (E) NDV/FMW-infected A549/PTX cells displayed more vacuolated (indicated by the arrows) than control (uninfected cells), the enlarged image showed initial autophagosomes (AVi) and a swollen mitochondrion (M) in infected A549/PTX cells. (F) Uninfected-A549/DDP cells showed disappearance of most organelles, the two limiting membranes of the autophagosome are visible in enlarged image (indicated by the arrows), and infected A549/DDP cells showed normal distribution of organelles and few autophagic structures. (G) Infected A549 cells showed highly autophagosome (indicated by the arrows) rather than uninfected A549 cells, clearer autophagosome showed in the enlarged image. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments.

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