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Table 3 Effect of treatment refusal on survival in colorectal cancer patients

From: Characteristics, survival, and related factors of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients refusing cancer treatments under a universal health insurance program

Variable

Adj. HRa

95% CI

P value

Treatment

    

  Yes (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  No

2.66

2.49

2.84

<0.001*

Sex

    

  Female (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Male

0.92

0.88

0.96

<0.001*

Age at diagnosis, years

    

  ≤44( (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  45–54

0.86

0.80

0.93

<0.001*

  55–64

0.89

0.82

0.96

0.002*

  65–74

1.04

0.96

1.12

0.366

  ≥75

1.75

1.63

1.88

<0.001*

Urbanization level of residence location

    

  Level 1 (highest; reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Level 2

0.97

0.92

1.02

0.233

  Level 3

1.06

1.00

1.13

0.052

  Level 4

1.05

0.99

1.12

0.112

  Level 5

1.05

0.95

1.17

0.333

  Level 6

1.05

0.96

1.14

0.306

  Level 7 (lowest)

1.17

1.07

1.28

0.001*

Aboriginal status

    

  No (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Yes

0.89

0.71

1.12

0.328

Insured monthly salary, NTD

    

  ≤17,280 (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Insured dependent

0.97

0.90

1.05

0.455

  17,281–22,800

1.00

0.95

1.05

0.908

  ≥22,801

0.80

0.75

0.85

<0.001*

Low-income household status

    

  No (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Yes

1.53

1.32

1.79

<0.001*

Other catastrophic illnesses or injuries

    

  No (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Yes

1.83

1.68

2.00

<0.001*

Cancer stage

    

  Stage 0 (reference group)

-

-

-

-

  Stage I

1.59

1.30

1.95

<0.001*

  Stage II

2.63

2.16

3.21

<0.001*

  Stage III

3.84

3.16

4.68

<0.001*

  Stage IV

19.38

15.96

23.54

<0.001*

  1. aevent: death; the model has controlled for level of diagnosing hospital and ownership type of diagnosing hospital.
  2. *P < 0.05.