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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of factors affecting overall survival (N = 2711)

From: Survival analysis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical resection following 4 lung cancer resection guidelines

 

Univariate

Multivariate

Variables

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

Pvalue

Age (y)

1.008 (1.002, 1.013)

0.006*

1.014 (1.008, 1.020)

<0.001*

Gender

    

 Female

reference

   

 Male

1.017 (0.909, 1.138)

0.774

  

Smoking history

    

 Never

reference

   

 Smoker

1.061 (0.950, 1.185)

0.293

  

Surgical procedure

 

<0.001*

 

<0.001*

 Segmentectomy

reference

 

reference

 

 Lobectomy

1.002 (0.709, 1.418)

0.989

0.975 (0.672, 1.413)

0.892

 Pneumonectomy

1.451 (1.006, 2.092)

0.047*

1.338 (0.901, 1.986)

0.149

 Extended

1.668 (0.892, 3.119)

0.109

1.533 (0.804, 2.921)

0.194

Surgical margin status

    

 Negative

reference

 

reference

 

 Positive

1.612 (1.298, 2.004)

<.001*

1.200 (0.883, 1.632)

0.243

Histology

 

0.006*

 

0.034*

 Squamous

reference

 

reference

 

 Adenocarcinoma

0.884 (0.785, 0.997)

0.044*

1.000 (0.883, 1.132)

0.999

 Large cell

0.912 (0.547, 1.522)

0.726

1.002 (0.600, 1.674)

0.993

 Adenosquamous

1.327 (1.067, 1.651)

0.011*

1.347 (1.080, 1.680)

0.008*

 Other

1.084 (0.896, 1.312)

0.409

1.208 (0.994, 1.467)

0.057

T stage

    

 T1/T2

reference

   

 T3/T4

1.646 (1.430, 1.895)

<0.001*

  

N stage

    

 N0

reference

   

 N1/N2

1.697 (1.526, 1.887)

<0.001*

  

AJCC TNM Stage

 

<0.001*

 

<0.001*

 I

reference

 

reference

 

 II

1.612 (1.405, 1.850)

<0.001*

1.571 (1.366, 1.808)

<0.001*

 III

2.172 (1.917, 2.461)

<0.001*

2.101 (1.835, 2.405)

<0.001*

Lymph node stations examined

    

 ≥ 6 group

reference

 

reference

 

 < 6 group

1.197 (1.075, 1.333)

0.001*

1.199 (0.771, 1.863)

0.421

Number of lymph nodes removed

 

<0.001*

 

0.075

 ≥ 20

reference

 

reference

 

 10-20

0.954 (0.842, 1.082)

0.463

0.935 (0.819, 1.067)

0.318

 < 10

1.264 (1.109, 1.441)

<0.001*

1.125 (0.943, 1.343)

0.190

Followed IASLC guidelines

    

 Yes

0.715 (0.641, 0.797)

<0.001*

0.840 (0.716, 0.985)

0.032*

 No

reference

 

reference

 

Followed ACOSOG guidelines

    

 Yes

0.816 (0.733, 0.908)

<0.001*

1.088 (0.389, 3.045)

0.873

 No

reference

 

reference

 

Followed RADIANT guidelines

    

 Yes

0.785 (0.696, 0.885)

<0.001*

0.887 (0.735, 1.071)

0.213

 No

reference

 

reference

 

Followed NCCN guidelines

    

 Yes

0.814 (0.732, 0.906)

<0.001*

1.089 (0.422, 2.811)

0.860

 No

reference

 

reference

 

Adjuvant chemotherapy

    

 Yes

0.989 (0.890, 1.099)

0.835

  

 No

reference

   

Radiotherapy

    

 Yes

0.768 (0.671, 0.877)

<0.001*

0.915 (0.797, 1.049)

0.203

 No

reference

 

reference

 

Immunotherapy

    

 Yes

1.063 (0.83, 1.281)

0.517

  

 No

reference

   
  1. ACOSOG, American College of Surgeons Oncology Group; IASLC, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC); NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; RADIANT, OSI Pharmaceutical’s RADIANT study; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. Variables with a significant association with overall survival in univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were selected and put into the multivariate analysis.
  3. Note: Because T stage, N stage, and TNM stage are collinear, only TNM stage was included in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
  4. *Significant risk factor, P < 0.05.