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Table 4 Predictors of discontinuing vitamin/mineral supplement use by the 6-month follow up

From: Changes in vitamin and mineral supplement use after breast cancer diagnosis in the Pathways Study: a prospective cohort study

Covariates

Multivitamins (n = 1,563)

Vitamin C (n = 723)

Calcium (n = 542)

Vitamin E (n = 496)

Vitamin D (n = 287)

 

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

 Age

               

  <50 years

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  50-59 years

0.73

0.52, 1.04

0.08

0.81

0.48, 1.38

0.44

0.51

0.28, 0.93

0.03

0.87

0.39, 1.92

0.72

0.69

0.22, 2.13

0.52

  60-69 years

0.58

0.40, 0.85

0.005

0.98

0.58, 1.67

0.94

0.59

0.32, 1.08

0.09

0.73

0.33, 1.60

0.43

0.45

0.14, 1.42

0.17

  70+ years

0.37

0.23, 0.56

<.0001

1.26

0.69, 2.30

0.46

0.73

0.36, 1.46

0.37

0.77

0.32, 1.85

0.56

0.86

0.25, 2.92

0.81

 Race

               

  Non-Hispanic white

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  African American

1.38

0.82, 2.31

0.22

1.83

0.86, 3.89

0.12

1.77

0.75, 4.16

0.19

1.93

0.72, 5.19

0.19

0.70

0.18, 2.70

0.61

  Asian

0.86

0.56, 1.31

0.48

1.71

0.92, 3.16

0.09

1.71

0.87, 3.37

0.12

1.48

0.60, 3.63

0.40

1.58

0.51, 4.89

0.43

  Hispanic

1.18

0.76, 1.84

0.45

0.99

0.54, 1.82

0.97

0.88

0.43, 1.80

0.73

0.80

0.37, 1.74

0.57

3.07

1.19, 7.94

0.02

 Education

               

  High School or less

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Some college

0.60

0.40, 0.90

0.01

1.47

0.84, 2.55

0.18

1.32

0.66, 2.63

0.44

1.33

0.68, 2.61

0.41

2.17

0.67, 6.99

0.20

  College graduate

0.56

0.37, 0.87

0.01

1.17

0.65, 2.10

0.61

0.57

0.27, 1.18

0.13

0.68

0.33, 1.39

0.29

1.05

0.31, 3.58

0.94

  Post graduate

0.60

0.39, 0.94

0.03

1.29

0.71, 2.33

0.40

1.10

0.54, 2.26

0.79

0.91

0.44, 1.89

0.80

0.73

0.21, 2.50

0.61

 Household income

               

  ≤$25,000

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  $25,000-49,999

1.21

0.72, 2.04

0.47

1.20

0.63, 2.31

0.58

0.46

0.20, 1.05

0.06

1.60

0.76, 3.36

0.21

1.80

0.56, 5.75

0.32

  $50,000-89,999

0.88

0.53, 1.47

0.63

1.38

0.72, 2.63

0.33

0.50

0.22, 1.11

0.09

2.39

1.15, 4.95

0.02

0.88

0.28, 2.78

0.82

  $90,000+

0.94

0.56, 1.60

0.83

2.43

1.24, 4.78

0.01

0.74

0.32, 1.68

0.46

2.91

1.35, 6.25

0.01

0.81

0.25, 2.67

0.73

 Family history of breast cancer

               

  No

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Yes

0.93

0.69, 1.27

0.65

0.88

0.60, 1.30

0.51

0.67

0.41, 1.08

0.10

1.18

0.71, 1.94

0.53

0.82

0.38, 1.77

0.61

 Stage at diagnosis

               

  I

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  II

1.05

0.72, 1.52

0.81

0.89

0.55, 1.44

0.64

0.69

0.37, 1.29

0.24

0.82

0.42, 1.60

0.56

1.01

0.37, 2.79

0.98

  III+

1.69

0.75, 3.83

0.21

1.77

0.49, 6.38

0.39

0.33

0.07, 1.52

0.16

0.45

0.08, 2.53

0.36

1.97

0.21, 18.57

0.55

 Number of positive nodes

               

  None

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  1-3

1.12

0.73, 1.71

0.60

1.17

0.66, 2.07

0.59

1.35

0.67, 2.73

0.40

1.27

0.58, 2.79

0.56

1.50

0.45, 5.00

0.51

  ≥4

1.09

0.47, 2.56

0.84

1.05

0.27, 4.03

0.94

4.47

0.95, 21.18

0.06

1.49

0.24, 9.17

0.67

0.93

0.08, 10.23

0.95

 Hormone-receptor positivity

               

  ER- and PR -

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  ER + and/or PR+

0.80

0.56, 1.14

0.21

0.76

0.48, 1.21

0.25

0.74

0.43, 1.29

0.29

1.30

0.69, 2.45

0.42

0.68

0.28, 1.62

0.38

 HER2/Neu status

               

  Negative

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Positive

1.04

0.73, 1.49

0.81

1.31

0.78, 2.20

0.31

0.61

0.33, 1.13

0.12

0.79

0.40, 1.58

0.50

0.92

0.32, 2.63

0.88

  Not performed

1.46

0.76, 2.80

0.26

0.80

0.33, 1.97

0.63

0.90

0.32, 2.54

0.84

0.87

0.24, 3.12

0.83

0.82

0.14, 4.89

0.83

 Surgery type

               

  Conserving or none

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Mastectomy

0.94

0.68, 1.29

0.69

0.59

0.38, 0.90

0.01

0.71

0.43, 1.17

0.18

0.58

0.33, 1.03

0.06

0.66

0.28, 1.54

0.34

 Treatment status

               

  None

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Chemotherapy only

1.57

1.02, 2.43

0.04

1.71

0.99, 2.97

0.05

1.48

0.74, 2.95

0.26

2.29

1.09, 4.79

0.03

0.97

0.31, 3.08

0.96

  Radiation only

1.25

0.81, 1.93

0.32

0.85

0.51, 1.41

0.52

0.76

0.41, 1.42

0.39

0.51

0.27, 0.98

0.04

0.54

0.19, 1.56

0.25

  Both

1.05

0.61, 1.81

0.85

1.31

0.67, 2.58

0.43

1.20

0.55, 2.65

0.65

0.99

0.42, 2.32

0.98

2.77

0.92, 8.39

0.07

 BMI

               

  <25 kg/m2

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  25-30 kg/m2

1.03

0.77, 1.39

0.83

0.78

0.53, 1.14

0.20

1.01

0.62, 1.64

0.97

1.23

0.74, 2.02

0.43

0.65

0.29, 1.46

0.29

  >30 kg/m2

0.93

0.67, 1.29

0.68

0.78

0.51, 1.20

0.26

1.53

0.93, 2.52

0.10

1.01

0.57, 1.79

0.97

1.22

0.53, 2.80

0.64

 Fruit and vegetable intake

               

  <35 servings/week

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  ≥35 servings/week

0.85

0.66, 1.11

0.23

1.19

0.85, 1.66

0.31

0.70

0.47, 1.04

0.08

0.82

0.54, 1.25

0.36

0.48

0.25, 0.94

0.03

 Hrs/wk of moderate- vigorous activity

               

  <2.5

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  2.5 - 5

0.71

0.49, 1.04

0.08

1.00

0.62, 1.60

0.99

1.63

0.93, 2.87

0.09

0.80

0.44, 1.46

0.46

1.92

0.77, 4.79

0.16

  >5

1.15

0.85, 1.57

0.37

0.82

0.54, 1.24

0.34

1.62

0.99, 2.65

0.06

0.74

0.42, 1.28

0.27

1.05

0.48, 2.27

0.91

 Smoking status

               

  Never

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Ever

0.95

0.73, 1.23

0.68

0.81

0.58, 1.12

0.20

0.88

0.59, 1.30

0.51

0.70

0.46, 1.08

0.10

0.96

0.49, 1.88

0.90

  1. aAmong Pathways participants with both baseline and 6 month follow up questionnaire and who were non-users prior to breast cancer diagnosis.
  2. bBeta Carotene not included in the table because insufficient number of users prior to diagnosis (n = 20).
  3. cOdds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are based on multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for all covariates.
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