Figure 3

VPA activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cells were incubated with or without 1 mM VPA for 24 h. (A) Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of HER2, HER3, ATM, ATR, and PI3KCA mRNA expression in PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells. Data are mean ± SD of a single experiment performed in triplicate, all results were reproducible in three independent experiments. ns P > =0.05; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. (B, C) Western blotting analysis of the expression and phosphorylation of HER3 and Akt (ser 473).