Figure 2

PMA increases apicularen A-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. A. HeLa cells were exposed to 20 nM PMA and 100 nM apicularen A for 24 and 48 hours. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. B. HeLa cells were exposed to 100 nM apicularen A in the presence or absence of 20 nM PMA. DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry. C. HeLa cells were pretreated with 10 μM Z-VAD-fmk and then exposed to 100 nM apicularen A in the presence or absence of 20 nM PMA for 48 hours. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assays. D. HeLa cells were pretreated with 10 μM Ro31-8220 and then treated with 100 nM apicularen A in the presence or absence of 20 nM PMA for 48 hours. MTT assays were performed to evaluate cell viability. E. DNA content described in D was measured by flow cytometry. F. HeLa cells were pretreated with 2 μM Go6983 and then exposed to 100 nM apicularen A in the presence or absence of 20 nM PMA for 48 hours. All error bars indicate ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.