From: Development of a scale to assess cancer stigma in the non-patient population
 | Severity | Personal responsibility | Awkwardness | Avoidance | Policy opposition | Financial discrimination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 3.23 | 2.03 | 2.84 | 1.86 | 2.14 | 2.50 |
 Female | 3.45 | 1.78 | 2.78 | 1.52 | 1.83 | 2.34 |
 t-test (p-value) | -1.77 (.077) | 1.89 (.059) | 0.47 (.643) | 2.98 (.003) | 2.59 (.010) | 0.98 (.327) |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 16-34 years | 3.42 | 2.17 | 3.18 | 1.83 | 2.30 | 2.65 |
 35-54 years | 3.42 | 1.61 | 2.61 | 1.69 | 1.86 | 2.36 |
 55+ years | 3.13 | 1.66 | 2.29 | 1.44 | 1.51 | 2.06 |
 Anova (p-value) | 2.03 (.133) | 8.45 (<.001) | 17.18 (<.001) | 4.16 (.017) | 17.08 (<.001) | 4.91 (.008) |
Education* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 School level - low | 3.55 | 1.72 | 2.68 | 1.56 | 1.67 | 2.42 |
 School level - high | 3.32 | 1.92 | 2.78 | 1.65 | 2.00 | 2.32 |
 University level | 3.17 | 2.07 | 3.01 | 1.82 | 2.33 | 2.55 |
 Anova (p-value) | 2.61 (.076) | 2.06 (.131) | 1.60 (.204) | 1.74 (.179) | 8.72 (<.001) | 0.63 (.532) |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 White | 3.29 | 1.78 | 2.74 | 1.63 | 1.87 | 2.32 |
 Other | 3.57 | 2.44 | 3.06 | 1.96 | 2.45 | 2.87 |
 t-test (p-value) | -1.79 (.075) | -3.40 (.001) | -1.81 (.071) | -2.34 (.020) | -3.79 (<.001) | -2.74 (.007) |
Close friend or family member has had cancer | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 3.53 | 1.93 | 3.12 | 1.85 | 2.14 | 2.66 |
 Yes | 3.28 | 1.90 | 2.70 | 1.64 | 1.93 | 2.34 |
 t-test (p-value) | 1.80 (.073) | 0.18 (.858) | 2.65 (.009) | 1.64 (.103) | 1.48 (.140) | 1.69 (.093) |
Social desirability | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low score (0–5) | 3.43 | 2.01 | 3.19 | 1.90 | 2.19 | 2.70 |
 High score (6–10) | 3.28 | 1.82 | 2.51 | 1.53 | 1.82 | 2.20 |
 t-test (p-value) | 1.17 (.242) | 1.45 (.149) | 5.11 (<.001) | 3.21 (.002) | 3.01 (.003) | 3.12 (.002) |