Impairment of cognitive functioning during Sunitinib or Sorafenib treatment in cancer patients: a cross sectional study

Table 2 Cognitive subdomain scores and raw neuropsychological test scores

	Patients VEGFR TKI		Patient controls		Healthy controls
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Learning & memory
Working memory	-0.26	0.93	0.11	0.95	0.19	0.79
Digit span backwards WAIS-III	5.67	1.77	6.40	1.98	6.37	1.75
Letter-number sequencing WAIS-III	9.47	2.27	10.15	2.08	10.50	1.59
Episodic memory	-0.31***	0.89	-0.11*	0.74	0.38	0.56
RAVLT total score	33.70	8.01	37.55	8.25	39.77	5.76
RAVLT delayed recall	5.87	2.57	7.00	2.32	7.37	2.50
RAVLT delayed recognition	26.33	3.02	27.70	1.59	28.03	1.45
RBMT story (Immediate Recall)	9.62	2.75	9.42	3.14	11.75	2.51
RBMT story (Delayed Recall)	8.43	3.51	7.85	3.30	10.38	2.56
Semantic memory	-0.36***	0.97	-0.26**	0.89	0.53	0.88
Semantic fluency (Animal)	22.47	5.49	22.95	4.39	26.73	5.22
Semantic fluency (Profession)	16.30	4.65	16.80	5.19	20.70	4.21
Attention & concentration
Alertness	-0.17	0.88	0.17	0.68	0.06	0.59
Digit span forwards WAIS-III	8.23	2.05	9.20	1.94	8.47	1.28
TAP 2.1 alertness^a	256.28	51.96	248.40	35.52	240.75	27.45
Sustained attention	-0.22	0.93	0.18	1.16	0.10	0.94
d2 test	138.63	30.93	151.60	38.33	149.03	31.25
Executive functions
Response generation	-0.26*	0.91	-0.13	1.23	0.35	0.83
Letter fluency (COWAT)	32.97	9.28	34.25	12.58	39.17	8.46
Response inhibition	-0.04	1.05	0.01	1.05	0.04	0.95
Stroop color word test (Interference)^a	0.70	0.30	0.73	0.47	0.65	0.21
Mental flexibility	-0.29	0.98	0.11	1.13	0.22	0.88
TAP flexibility (Alternation)^a	900.37	353.23	824.40	405.37	732.03	177.52
Problem solving	-0.19*	0.88	-0.18*	0.85	0.31	0.74
Raven APM (Set I)	8.00	2.23	8.10	2.02	9.50	1.93
Brixton spatial anticipation Test	36.97	6.06	36.90	6.31	38.83	5.43

Cognitive subdomain scores (standardized Z-scores, mean + SD) and raw neuropsychological test scores (mean + SD) for the patients using VEGFR TKI, the patient controls and the healthy controls. Higher scores indicate a better performance except where noted. Post-hoc t-tests, patient groups compared to healthy controls, for the cognitive subdomain scores: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ^aHigher scores reflect a worse performance. Abbreviations: RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RBMT Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, WAIS-III Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition, TAP Test for Attentional Processing, Raven APM Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices.

ISSN: 1471-2407