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Figure 5 | BMC Cancer

Figure 5

From: Enhanced cytotoxic effect of radiation and temozolomide in malignant glioma cells: targeting PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, HSP90 and histone deacetylases

Figure 5

Invasion, migration and vasculogenic mimicry formation of U251 glioma cells. The effects of each treatment on invasion, migration, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). (A & B) U251 cells invasion/migration was determined by using Modified Boyden chamber assay and Wound healing assay. Stained cells in representative fields (100×). The number of cells that had invaded and migrated 24 hours after treatment shown as histogram. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three experiments. *P < 0.05 versus IR. † P < 0.05 versus IR and TMZ. (C) The ability of U251 cells to form VM when plated on matrigel was determined in each treatment. Photographs of representative VM formation fields are shown (200×). (D) The combination treatment of TMZ with PI103 or 17-DMAG or LBH589 resulted in down-regulation of VEGF, MMP-2, and EphA2 expression and up-regulation of E-cadherin expression, by Western blot analysis. β-actin was detected as loading control. (E) The level of EphA2 immunofluorescence is visibly lower in the combination treatment of TMZ with PI103 or 17-DMAG or LBH589 compared to TMZ alone treatment in U251 cells. Each experiment was repeated three times with similar results.

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