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Table 1 Characteristics of included prospective studies
| Study (nation) | Design | Population (case/participants) | Menopausal status | Follow-up duration (years) | Exposure | Outcomes (RRs, 95% CI) | Study quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement | Range (H vs. L)a | |||||||
| Vatten 1993 [18] (Norway) | NCC | Subjects from serum bank; 87/235; | Pre- | 5 | n-3/n-6: Serum PL, GC (mg/L) | 0.36 vs. 0.14 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.1) | Moderate |
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| Chajes 1999 [35] (Sweden) | NCC | Cardiovascular disease Cohort; 196/388; | Combined | 2 ~ 11 | LC n-3/n-6: Serum PL, GC (%tFC) | > 0.68 vs. <0.08 | 0.88 (0.42,1.86) | Moderate |
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| Saadatian-Elahi 2002 [19] (USA) | NCC | Health university Women cohort; 197/197; | Pre- and Post- | 4.3 | n-3/n-6: Serum PL, GC (%tFC) | 4th quantile vs. reference | Pre-: 0.60 (0.24, 1.54); | High ☆☆☆☆ |
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| Post-: 0.42 (0.17, 1.08) | ||||||||
| Wirfalt 2002 [36] (Sweden) | NCC | Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Cohort; 237/673; | Post- | 3 ~ 8 | n-3/n-6: Diet, FFQ (g/day) | 0.33 vs. 0.15 | 0.66 (0.41, 1.08) | Moderate |
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| Wakai 2005 [17] (Japan) | PC | Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC);129/26291 | Post- and Combined | 7.6 | n-6/n-3: Diet, FFQ (% energy) | Combined: > 4.61vs. < 3.25 | Combined: 1.31 (0.78, 2.19) | High |
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| Post-: > 4.59 vs. < 3.21 | Post-: 1.30 (0.66, 2.58) | |||||||
| Chajes 2008 [20] (Sweden) | NCC | Europe Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC); 363/702; | Combined. | 7.0 | n-6/n-3: Serum PL, GC (%tFC) | 5th quantile vs. reference | 0.76 (0.48, 1.20) | Moderate |
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| Takata 2009 [37] (USA) | NCC | Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial chort study (CARET); 103/309; | Post-. | 4.4 | n-3/n-6: Serum PL, GC (%tFC) | > 0.15 vs. < 0.11 | 0.74 (0.40, 1.36) | High |
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| Thiebaut 2009 [33] (France) | PC | EPIC Cohort; 1650/56007 | Combined | 8.0 | n-6/n-3:Diet, FFQ, (% energy) | 14.76 vs. 5.48 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) | Moderate |
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| Murff 2011 [16] (China) | PC | Shanghai Women Health Study cohort (SWHS); 712/72571; | Combined | 8.0 | n-6/n-3: Diet, FFQ, (g/day) | 7.64 vs.5.18 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | High |
| ☆☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| Park 2012 [15] (USA) | PC | Multiethnic Cohort; 3885/85089; | Post- | 12 | n-6/n-3: Diet, FFQ, (g/1000 kcal) | > 9.60 vs. < 7.60 | 1.10 (0.99, 1.22) | High |
| ☆☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| Sczaniecka 2012 [34] (USA) | PC | Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort study; 772/30252; | Post-. | 6.0 | n-3/n-6: Diet, FFQ, (g/day) | > 0.03 vs. < 0.005 | 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) | High |
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆ | ||||||||
| ☆☆☆ | ||||||||
