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Table 2 Relative risks for esophageal cancer related to different metabolic risk factors in quintiles

From: Metabolic risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: a prospective study of 580 000 subjects within the Me-Can project

Exposure

 

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

 

Quintile

Mean (SD)

Cases (n)

Age and cohort stratified RR

Adjusted RR1

Adjusted, RDR corrected RR1

Cases (n)

Age and cohort stratified RR

Adjusted RR1

Adjusted, RDR corrected RR1

BMI

1

20.7 (1.5)

5

1.00

1.00

1.00

55

1.00

1.00

1.00

2

23.0 (1.1)

18

3.13 (1.16–8.44)

3.37 (1.25–9.10)

3.86 (1.28–11.66)

29

0.44 (0.28–0.70)

0.50 (0.32–0.79)

0.47 (0.28–0.77)

3

24.7 (1.0)

18

2.81 (1.04–7.60)

3.17 (1.17–8.57)

3.61 (1.19–10.91)

46

0.62 (0.42–0.92)

0.76 (0.51–1.12)

0.73 (0.47–1.14)

4

26.8 (1.0)

31

4.41 (1.71–11.39)

5.19 (2.00–13.42)

6.24 (2.17–17.97)

30

0.37 (0.23–0.57)

0.46 (0.30–0.72)

0.42 (0.26–0.70)

5

31.3 (3.3)

42

5.96 (2.34–15.16)

7.34 (2.88–18.68)

9.18 (3.24–25.96)

24

0.29 (0.18–0.47)

0.38 (0.23–0.62)

0.34 (0.20–0.58)

Ptrend

   

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

<0.0001

 

Adjusted RR per increment of 5 1

 

1.64 (1.35–2.00)

1.78 (1.45–2.17)

  

0.56 (0.44–0.70)

0.62 (0.50–0.79)

 

Mid blood pressure, mmHg

1

88 (5.7)

14

1.00

1.00

1.00

21

1.00

1.00

1.00

2

97 (4.1)

18

1.12 (0.56–2.25)

0.99 (0.49–2.00)

0.99 (0.27–3.58)

30

1.29 (0.74–2.26)

1.47 (0.84–2.58)

2.04 (0.73–5.70)

3

103 (3.8)

22

1.24 (0.63–2.44)

1.15 (0.58–2.27)

1.29 (0.37–4.50)

23

0.87 (0.48–1.58)

1.14 (0.63–2.08)

1.28 (0.43–3.83)

4

110 (4.1)

25

1.13 (0.58–2.19)

1.01 (0.52–1.98)

1.02 (0.30–3.50)

49

1.55 (0.93–2.61)

2.27 (1.35–3.83)

4.51 (1.72–11.81)

5

125 (10.4)

35

1.32 (0.70–2.51)

1.09 (0.57–2.10)

1.17 (0.35–3.90)

60

1.59 (0.95–2.66)

2.60 (1.54–4.39)

5.79 (2.21–15.20)

Ptrend

   

0.44

0.81

  

0.035

<0.0001

 

Adjusted RR per increment of 10 mmHg 1

 

1.09 (0.95–1.25)

1.03 (0.89–1.19)

  

1.17 (1.05–1.29)

1.30 (1.17–1.44)

 

Glucose, mmol/L

1

4.1 (0.5)

19

1.00

1.00

1.00

34

1.00

1.00

1.00

2

4.7 (0.3)

21

1.06 (0.57–1.97)

1.07 (0.57–2.01)

1.29 (0.14–12.21)

33

0.96 (0.59–1.55)

1.04 (0.64–1.69)

1.16 (0.20–6.55)

3

5.1 (0.3)

20

0.96 (0.51–1.81)

0.95 (0.51–1.80)

0.85 (0.09–8.32)

38

1.07 (0.69–1.70)

1.20 (0.75–1.91)

1.90 (0.35–10.27)

4

5.5 (0.3)

28

1.28 (0.71–2.31)

1.32 (0.73–2.38)

2.69 (0.32–22.70)

31

0.88 (0.54–1.44)

1.02 (0.62–1.68)

1.08 (0.18–6.43)

5

6.8 (1.9)

26

1.07 (0.59–1.95)

1.04 (0.57.1.90)

1.14 (0.13–10.12)

48

1.21 (0.77–1.89)

1.44 (0.92–2.27)

3.76 (0.74–19.17)

Ptrend

   

0.62

0.70

  

0.50

0.14

 

Adjusted RR per increment of 1 mmol/l 2,3

 

1.14 (0.93–1.38)

1.12 (0.92–1.38)

  

1.16 (0.99–1.35)

1.22 (1.04–1.42)

 

Cholesterol, mmol/L

1

4.2 (0.5)

13

1.00

1.00

1.00

22

1.00

1.00

1.00

2

5.0 (0.3)

25

1.60 (0.82–3.15)

1.48 (0.75–2.91)

1.82 (0.65–5.08)

30

1.09 (0.63–1.89)

1.08 (0.62–1.88)

1.13 (0.49–2.62)

3

5.6 (0.3)

18

1.01 (0.49–2.08)

0.93 (0.45–1.92)

0.90 (0.30–2.69)

36

1.16 (0.68–1.99)

1.20 (0.70–2.05)

1.32 (0.59–2.99)

4

6.2 (0.3)

27

1.34 (0.68–2.63)

1.22 (0.62–2.40)

1.36 (0.49–3.80)

44

1.26 (0.75–2.12)

1.32 (0.78–2.21)

1.52 (0.69–3.35)

5

7.4 (0.8)

31

1.34 (0.69–2.62)

1.22 (0.63–2.37)

1.35 (0.49–3.72)

51

1.32 (0.79–2.21)

1.42 (0.85–2.37)

1.70 (0.78–3.71)

Ptrend

   

0.68

0.86

  

0.22

0.12

 

Adjusted RR per increment of 1 mmol/l 2

 

0.99 (0.84–1.17)

0.94 (0.80–1.10)

  

1.06 (0.94–1.21)

1.08 (0.95–1.22)

 

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1

0.72 (0.17)

14

1.00

1.00

1.00

27

1.00

1.00

1.00

2

1.03 (0.21)

18

1.20 (0.60–2.42)

1.03 (0.51–2.07)

1.05 (0.26–4.22)

39

1.28 (0.78–2.09)

1.26 (0.77–2.06)

1.57 (0.59–4.17)

3

1.33 (0.29)

16

0.98 (0.48–2.02)

0.78 (0.38–1.60)

0.61 (0.15.2.55)

34

1.05 (0.63–1.74)

1.05 (0.63–1.75)

1.11 (0.40–3.04)

4

1.77 (0.42)

33

1.95 (1.04–3.65)

1.42 (0.75–2.69)

2.00 (0.56–7.09)

39

1.14 (0.70–1.87)

1.22 (0.74–2.01)

1.48 (0.55–3.99)

5

3.12 (1.54)

28

1.60 (0.84–3.06)

1.05 (0.54–2.05)

1.11 (0.30–4.15)

44

1.24 (0.77–2.02)

1.45 (0.87–2.39)

2.07 (0.77–5.61)

Ptrend

   

0.038

0.51

  

0.58

0.22

 

Adjusted RR per increment of 1 mmol/l 2,4

 

1.35 (1.12–1.61)

1.13 (0.93–1.38)

  

1.15 (0.98–1.34)

1.19 (1.01–1.40)

 
  1. All analyses were stratified by study cohort and birth-year category. See text for correction of regression dilution bias.
  2. 1Adjusted for sex, age at baseline (continuous) smoking status and quintiles of BMI. 2Adjusted for age at baseline (continuous), smoking status, quintiles of BMI and fasting time. 3Outliers >10 mmol/l are excluded. 4Outliers >6 mmol/l are excluded.
  3. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, RR relative risk, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, Mid BP: mid blood pressure, RDR regression dilution ratio.
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