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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 33 patients with brain metastases from HCC

From: Brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of surgery as a prognostic factor

Characteristic

No. of patients (%)

HCC characteristics

 

Age in years at diagnosis of brain metastasis; median (range)

62 (23-80yrs)

Sex

 

 Male

30 (91%)

 Female

3 (9%)

Time in months from diagnosis of HCC to brain metastases; median (range)

18.3 (0.5-75mos)

ECOG performance status

 

 ≤2

21 (64%)

 ≥3

12 (36%)

RPA class I

2 (6%)

 II

27 (82%)

 III

4 (12%)

Child-Pugh classification

 

 A

20 (61%)

 B

11 (33%)

 C

2 (6%)

AFP (ng/ml)

 

 ≤400

18 (55%)

 >400

10 (30%)

 unknown

5 (15%)

Etiology

 

 Hepatitis B

25 (76%)

 Hepatitis C

3 (9%)

 Alcoholic

4 (12%)

 Idiopathic

1 (3%)

Number of tumor nodules

 

 1

3 (9%)

 2-3

5 (15%)

 ≥4

25 (76%)

Largest tumor size (cm)

 

 <2

4 (12%)

 2-5

14 (43%)

 6-10

12 (36%)

 >10

3 (9%)

Tumor type

 

 Well-defined

20 (61%)

 Ill-defined

13 (39%)

Main portal vein thrombosis

 

 Absent

18 (55%)

 Present

15 (45%)

Previous treatment

 

 Hepatic resection

5 (15%)

 TACE

27 (82%)

 RFA

4 (12%)

 Chemotherapy (Sorafenib)

10 (30%)

 Radiotherapy

10 (30%)

Site of extracranial metastases

 

 Lung

24 (73%)

 Bone

6 (18%)

 Lymph node

8 (24%)

 Adrenal gland

2 (6%)

 Skin

1 (3%)

 None

6 (18%)

Brain metastasis characteristics

 

Symptoms/signs

 

 Headache

18 (55%)

 Motor disturbance

12 (36%)

 Mental status changes

8 (24%)

 Visual disturbance

5 (15%)

 Dizziness

4 (12%)

 Non-neurologic symptom

1 (3%)

Number of lesions

 

 Single

17 (52%)

 Multiple

16 (48%)

Intratumoral hemorrhage

 

 Yes

17 (52%)

 No

16 (48%)

Location of brain metastases

 

 Frontal

5 (15%)

 Parietal

6 (18%)

 Occipital

2 (6%)

 Temporal

1 (3%)

 Cerebellar

1 (3%)

 Cavernous sinus

1 (3%)

 Basal ganglia

1 (3%)

 Multiple locations

16 (48%)

Treatment modalities

 

 Resection alone

4 (12%)

 Resection + WBRT

6 (18%)

 GKS alone

11 (33%)

 GKS + WBRT

2 (6%)

 WBRT alone

4 (12%)

 Palliative (Steroid alone)

6 (18%)