From: Brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of surgery as a prognostic factor
Characteristic | No. of patients (%) |
---|---|
HCC characteristics | |
Age in years at diagnosis of brain metastasis; median (range) | 62 (23-80yrs) |
Sex | |
Male | 30 (91%) |
Female | 3 (9%) |
Time in months from diagnosis of HCC to brain metastases; median (range) | 18.3 (0.5-75mos) |
ECOG performance status | |
≤2 | 21 (64%) |
≥3 | 12 (36%) |
RPA class I | 2 (6%) |
II | 27 (82%) |
III | 4 (12%) |
Child-Pugh classification | |
A | 20 (61%) |
B | 11 (33%) |
C | 2 (6%) |
AFP (ng/ml) | |
≤400 | 18 (55%) |
>400 | 10 (30%) |
unknown | 5 (15%) |
Etiology | |
Hepatitis B | 25 (76%) |
Hepatitis C | 3 (9%) |
Alcoholic | 4 (12%) |
Idiopathic | 1 (3%) |
Number of tumor nodules | |
1 | 3 (9%) |
2-3 | 5 (15%) |
≥4 | 25 (76%) |
Largest tumor size (cm) | |
<2 | 4 (12%) |
2-5 | 14 (43%) |
6-10 | 12 (36%) |
>10 | 3 (9%) |
Tumor type | |
Well-defined | 20 (61%) |
Ill-defined | 13 (39%) |
Main portal vein thrombosis | |
Absent | 18 (55%) |
Present | 15 (45%) |
Previous treatment | |
Hepatic resection | 5 (15%) |
TACE | 27 (82%) |
RFA | 4 (12%) |
Chemotherapy (Sorafenib) | 10 (30%) |
Radiotherapy | 10 (30%) |
Site of extracranial metastases | |
Lung | 24 (73%) |
Bone | 6 (18%) |
Lymph node | 8 (24%) |
Adrenal gland | 2 (6%) |
Skin | 1 (3%) |
None | 6 (18%) |
Brain metastasis characteristics | |
Symptoms/signs | |
Headache | 18 (55%) |
Motor disturbance | 12 (36%) |
Mental status changes | 8 (24%) |
Visual disturbance | 5 (15%) |
Dizziness | 4 (12%) |
Non-neurologic symptom | 1 (3%) |
Number of lesions | |
Single | 17 (52%) |
Multiple | 16 (48%) |
Intratumoral hemorrhage | |
Yes | 17 (52%) |
No | 16 (48%) |
Location of brain metastases | |
Frontal | 5 (15%) |
Parietal | 6 (18%) |
Occipital | 2 (6%) |
Temporal | 1 (3%) |
Cerebellar | 1 (3%) |
Cavernous sinus | 1 (3%) |
Basal ganglia | 1 (3%) |
Multiple locations | 16 (48%) |
Treatment modalities | |
Resection alone | 4 (12%) |
Resection + WBRT | 6 (18%) |
GKS alone | 11 (33%) |
GKS + WBRT | 2 (6%) |
WBRT alone | 4 (12%) |
Palliative (Steroid alone) | 6 (18%) |