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Table 1 Main characteristics of cases and controls
| Cases | Controls | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Gender | p = 0.12 | ||
| Male | 556 (80.7) | 2720 (78.1) | |
| Female | 133 (19.3) | 761 (21.9) | |
| Area of residence (“département”) | p < 0.001 | ||
| Calvados | 65 (9.4) | 458 (13.1) | |
| Doubs/Territoire de Belfort | 9 (1.3) | 134 (3.8) | |
| Hérault | 71 (10.3) | 437 (12.5) | |
| Isère | 82 (11.9) | 497 (14.3) | |
| Loire Atlantique | 127 (18.4) | 404 (11.6) | |
| Manche | 68 (9.9) | 311 (8.9) | |
| Bas Rhin | 62 (9.0) | 451 (12.9) | |
| Haut Rhin | 14 (2.0) | 118 (3.4) | |
| Somme | 145 (21.0) | 476 (13.7) | |
| Vendée | 46 (6.8) | 195 (5.8) | |
| Age at interview | p < 0.001 | ||
| < 50 | 161 (23.4) | 807 (23.2) | |
| 50-59 | 293 (42.5) | 995 (28.6) | |
| 60-69 | 171 (24.8) | 1160 (33.3) | |
| ≥ 70 | 64 (9.3) | 519 (14.9) | |
| Education level | p < 0.001 | ||
| Primary or less | 227 (32.9) | 763 (21.9) | |
| Vocational secondary | 294 (42.7) | 1351 (38.8) | |
| General secondary | 60 (8.7) | 400 (11.5) | |
| University | 85 (12.3) | 901 (25.9) | |
| Tobacco status | p < 0.001 | ||
| Never-smokers | 53 (7.7) | 1233 (35.4) | |
| Former smokers† | 152 (22.1) | 1436 (41.2) | |
| Current smokers | 482 (70.0) | 803 (23.1) | |
| Quantity of tobacco (grams/day) | p < 0.001 | ||
| Never-smokers | 53 (7.7) | 1233 (35.4) | |
| 1-19 | 275 (39.9) | 1486 (42.7) | |
| 20-39 | 271 (39.3) | 600 (17.2) | |
| ≥ 40 | 85 (12.3) | 146 (4.2) | |
| Duration of tobacco smoking (years) | p < 0.001 | ||
| Never-smokers | 53 (7.7) | 1233 (35.4) | |
| 1-30 | 179 (26.0) | 1454 (41.8) | |
| 31-40 | 284 (41.2) | 468 (13.4) | |
| > 40 | 170 (24.7) | 313 (7.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption (glasses/day) | p < 0.001 | ||
| Never-drinkers | 38 (5.5) | 298 (8.6) | |
| < 0.6 | 60 (8.7) | 908 (26.1) | |
| 0.6-2.0 | 74 (10.7) | 914 (26.2) | |
| 2.1-4.5 | 140 (20.3) | 771 (22.1) | |
| > 4.5 | 360 (52.2) | 570 (14.8) | |
| BMI 2 years before the interview | p < 0.001 | ||
| < 18.5 | 28 (4.1) | 38 (1.1) | |
| 18.5-24.9 | 380 (55.2) | 1367 (39.3) | |
| 25-29.9 | 188 (27.3) | 1367 (39.3) | |
| ≥ 30 | 65 (9.4) | 577 (16.6) |
