Figure 3

ES, ES-LDP or LDP-ES inhibited in vitro tubule formation. (A) ES or ES-based fusion proteins inhibited tubule formation of HMEC on Matrigel. Low (1 μM) and high (10 μM) concentrations were used. Bar, 200 μm. (B) Mean capillary tube number and (C) mean tube length was decreased by ES and ES-based fusion proteins after 12-h incubation. Three arbitral optical images were taken for each of the two independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation from six independent images, n = 6. *, P ≤ 0.05, **, P ≤ 0.001, compared with VEGF-control and #, P ≤ 0.05, compared with ES, in tube length and tube number, respectively. Cells were viewed with a microscope and pictures were taken at × 40.