|
Variables
|
Cases
|
Controls
|
P value
|
|---|
|
N = 357
|
%
|
N = 1,428
|
%
|
|---|
|
Age at DM
| |
0.483
|
|
30-60
|
69
|
15.90
|
300
|
17.28
| |
|
≥60
|
288
|
66.36
|
1,128
|
64.98
|
|
Sex
| |
1.000
|
|
Male
|
215
|
49.54
|
568
|
32.72
| |
|
Female
|
142
|
32.72
|
860
|
49.54
|
|
Peptic ulcer history
|
172
|
39.63
|
334
|
19.24
|
<0.001
|
|
Ulcer bleeding history
|
61
|
14.06
|
156
|
8.99
|
<0.001
|
|
HP eradication rate
|
33
|
7.60
|
139
|
8.01
|
0.779
|
|
Comorbidities
| |
|
CAD
|
120
|
27.65
|
603
|
34.74
|
0.003
|
|
CVD
|
84
|
19.35
|
466
|
26.84
|
<0.001
|
|
CLD
|
78
|
17.97
|
337
|
19.41
|
0.484
|
|
COPD
|
98
|
22.58
|
465
|
26.79
|
0.063
|
|
CKD
|
77
|
17.74
|
431
|
24.83
|
0.001
|
|
GERD or EE
|
21
|
4.84
|
91
|
5.24
|
0.733
|
|
Medications
| |
|
Pioglitazone
|
25
|
5.76
|
154
|
8.87
|
0.033
|
|
Rosiglitazone
|
34
|
7.83
|
211
|
12.15
|
0.010
|
|
Metformin
|
236
|
54.38
|
990
|
57.03
|
0.241
|
|
Sulfonylurea
|
256
|
58.99
|
1,022
|
58.87
|
0.958
|
|
Glucosidase inhibitors
|
36
|
8.29
|
293
|
16.88
|
<0.001
|
|
Meglitinides (Glinides)
|
35
|
8.06
|
241
|
13.88
|
<0.001
|
|
DPP-4 inhibitors
|
1
|
0.23
|
85
|
4.90
|
<0.001
|
|
Insulin
|
37
|
8.53
|
265
|
15.26
|
<0.001
|
|
Statins
|
86
|
19.82
|
531
|
30.59
|
<0.001
|
|
ARBs
|
88
|
20.28
|
534
|
30.76
|
<0.001
|
|
ACE inhibitors
|
126
|
29.03
|
560
|
32.26
|
0.173
|
|
Aspirin
|
118
|
27.19
|
610
|
35.14
|
<0.001
|
|
COX-2 inhibitors
|
27
|
6.22
|
189
|
10.89
|
0.003
|
|
NSAIDs
|
74
|
17.05
|
432
|
24.88
|
<0.001
|
-
DM diabetes mellitus, HP Helicobacter pylori, CAD coronary artery disease, CVD cerebral vascular disease, CLD chronic liver disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, EE erosive esophagitis, DPP-4 inhibitors dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, COX-2 inhibitors cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N number.
