Association of thiazolidinediones with gastric cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based case–control study

Table 1 Characteristics, comorbidities, and medication use among cases and controls

Variables	Cases		Controls		P value
Variables	N = 357	%	N = 1,428	%	P value
Age at DM					0.483
30-60	69	15.90	300	17.28
≥60	288	66.36	1,128	64.98
Sex					1.000
Male	215	49.54	568	32.72
Female	142	32.72	860	49.54
Peptic ulcer history	172	39.63	334	19.24	<0.001
Ulcer bleeding history	61	14.06	156	8.99	<0.001
HP eradication rate	33	7.60	139	8.01	0.779
Comorbidities
CAD	120	27.65	603	34.74	0.003
CVD	84	19.35	466	26.84	<0.001
CLD	78	17.97	337	19.41	0.484
COPD	98	22.58	465	26.79	0.063
CKD	77	17.74	431	24.83	0.001
GERD or EE	21	4.84	91	5.24	0.733
Medications
Pioglitazone	25	5.76	154	8.87	0.033
Rosiglitazone	34	7.83	211	12.15	0.010
Metformin	236	54.38	990	57.03	0.241
Sulfonylurea	256	58.99	1,022	58.87	0.958
Glucosidase inhibitors	36	8.29	293	16.88	<0.001
Meglitinides (Glinides)	35	8.06	241	13.88	<0.001
DPP-4 inhibitors	1	0.23	85	4.90	<0.001
Insulin	37	8.53	265	15.26	<0.001
Statins	86	19.82	531	30.59	<0.001
ARBs	88	20.28	534	30.76	<0.001
ACE inhibitors	126	29.03	560	32.26	0.173
Aspirin	118	27.19	610	35.14	<0.001
COX-2 inhibitors	27	6.22	189	10.89	0.003
NSAIDs	74	17.05	432	24.88	<0.001

DM diabetes mellitus, HP Helicobacter pylori, CAD coronary artery disease, CVD cerebral vascular disease, CLD chronic liver disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, EE erosive esophagitis, DPP-4 inhibitors dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, COX-2 inhibitors cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N number.

ISSN: 1471-2407