Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author & Years | Depression/Anxiety | Participants | Mean age | Age range | Depression/Anxiety | Mean score | Type of cancer | Type of control | Prevalence of depression/anxiety (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | (cancer, n) | Â | Â | assessment method and cut-off | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | (control, n) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yang & Bao, 2003 | Depression | 96 | 53.67 | 22–76 | self-report | 47.96 ± 6.73 | Mixed | Disease control | 63.5 |
96 | – | – | (SDS index ≥0.5) | 32.32 ± 5.86 |  |  | 17.7 | ||
Anxiety | 96 | 53.67 | 22–76 | self-report | 49.23 ± 7.68 | Mixed | Disease control | 60.4 | |
96 | – | – | (SAS index ≥0.5) | 34.06 ± 5.01 |  |  | 13.5 | ||
Tang, 2008 | Depression | 150 | 67 | 60–82 | self-report | – | Mixed | Disease control | 48 |
50 | – | – | (SDS total score ≥11) | – |  |  | 16 | ||
Long et al., 2008 | Depression | 46 | 51 | 36–63 | self-report | – | Mixed | Disease control | 63.04 |
50 | 50 | 30–59 | (SCL-90-D mean ≥ 1.5) | – |  |  | 6 | ||
Anxiety | 46 | 51 | 36–63 | self-report | – | Mixed | Disease control | 89.13 | |
50 | 50 | 30–59 | (SCL-90-A mean ≥ 1.39) | – |  |  | 62 | ||
Zhang et al., 2008 | Depression | 60 | 55.9 | >18 | self-report | 52.70 ± 8.70 | Mixed | Disease control | 73.3 |
60 | 54.8 | >18 | (SDS standard score ≥ 50) | 43.98 ± 9.35 |  |  | 31.7 | ||
|  | Depression | 60 | 55.9 | >18 | self-report | 52.70 ± 8.70 | Mixed | Normal control | 73.3 |
60 | 54.8 | >18 | (SDS standard score ≥ 50) | 38.43 ± 7.59 |  |  | 8.3 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 60 | 55.9 | >18 | self-report | 52.95 ± 8.35 | Mixed | Disease control | 70 |
60 | 54.8 | >18 | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | 45.82 ± 10.01 |  |  | 48.3 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 60 | 55.9 | >18 | self-report | 52.95 ± 8.35 | Mixed | Normal control | 70 |
60 | 54.8 | >18 | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | 35.92 ± 8.04 |  |  | 11.7 | ||
Tao et al., 2005 | Depression | 72 | 47 | 21–69 | self-report | 0.54 ± 0.05 | Nasopharynx/liver cancer | Disease control | 77.8 |
30 | 43 | 22–65 | (SDS index ≥ 0.51) | 0.42 ± 0.06 |  |  | 23.3 | ||
|  | Depression | 72 | 47 | 21–69 | self-report | 0.54 ± 0.05 | Nasopharynx/liver cancer | Normal control | 77.8 |
30 | 42 | 23–65 | (SDS index ≥ 0.51) | 0.39 ± 0.05 |  |  | 10 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 72 | 47 | 21–69 | self-report | 50 ± 8 | Nasopharynx/liver cancer | Disease control | 83.3 |
30 | 43 | 22–65 | (SAS standard score ≥ 41) | 37 ± 5 |  |  | 40 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 72 | 47 | 21–69 | self-report | 50 ± 8 | Nasopharynx/liver cancer | Normal control | 83.3 |
30 | 42 | 23–65 | (SAS standard score ≥ 41) | 32 ± 5 |  |  | 13.3 | ||
Liu et al., 2001 | Depression | 45 | 59.24 | 24–78 | clinical diagnosis | 16.78 ± 7.75 | Mixed | Normal control | 55.56 |
45 | – | – | (HRSD total score ≥ 17) | 5.87 ± 4.67 |  |  | 4.44 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 45 | 59.24 | 24–78 | clinical diagnosis | 14.82 ± 6.51 | Mixed | Normal control | 46.67 |
45 | – | – | (HRSA total score ≥ 14) | 6.47 ± 4.73 |  |  | 6.67 | ||
Zhang et al., 2009 | Depression | 100 | 58.86 | 35–76 | clinical diagnosis | 42.46 ± 12.74 | Breast cancer | Normal control | 89 |
100 | – | – | (HRSD total score ≥ 20) | 34.97 ± 8.31 |  |  | 18 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 100 | 58.86 | 35–76 | clinical diagnosis | 43.24 ± 10.38 | Breast cancer | Normal control | 78 |
100 | – | – | (HRSA total score ≥ 14) | 32.25 ± 8.26 |  |  | 22 | ||
Wang et al., 2005 | Depression | 60 | 58 | 34–75 | self–report | – | Lung cancer | Normal control | 39.58 |
30 | 51 | 26–68 | (SDS standard score ≥ 50) | – |  |  | 10 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 60 | 58 | 34–75 | self-report | – | Lung cancer | Normal control | 43.75 |
30 | 51 | 26–68 | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | – |  |  | 6.67 | ||
Tian et al., 2005 | Depression | 112 | 55.3 | 36–72 | self-report | 52.21 ± 5.61 | Liver cancer | Disease control | 53.6 |
152 | 45.6 | 30–60 | (SDS standard score ≥ 50) | 44.45 ± 7.66 |  |  | 16.4 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 112 | 55.3 | 36–72 | self-report | 51.1 ± 4.64 | Liver cancer | Disease control | 51.8 |
152 | 45.6 | 30–60 | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | 42.99 ± 7.17 |  |  | 24.3 | ||
Liu, 2006 | Depression | 124 | 48 | 18–70 | clinical diagnosis | 16.95 ± 0.70 | Mixed | Disease control | 33.26 |
60 | – | 18–70 | (HRSD total score ≥ 20) | 6.80 ± 1.14 |  |  | 3.33 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 124 | 48 | 18–70 | clinical diagnosis | 9.39 ± 0.51 | Mixed | Disease control | 29.84 |
60 | – | 18–70 | (HRSA total score ≥ 17) | 6.30 ± 0.83 |  |  | 6.67 | ||
|  | Depression | 124 | 48 | 18–70 | clinical diagnosis | 16.95 ± 0.70 | Mixed | Normal control | 33.26 |
60 | – | 18–70 | (HRSD total score ≥ 20) | 4.67 ± 0.92 |  |  | 1.67 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 124 | 48 | 18–70 | clinical diagnosis | 9.39 ± 0.51 | Mixed | Normal control | 29.84 |
60 | – | 18–70 | (HRSA total score ≥ 17) | 3.63 ± 0.67 |  |  | 1.67 | ||
Yuan & Zheng, 2004 | Depression | 30 | 36.1 | 34–38 | self-report | 41.83 ± 12.83 | Breast cancer | Disease control | 23.3 |
30 | 35.3 | 25–47 | (SDS standard score > 53) | 35.63 ± 6.99 |  |  | 0 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 30 | 36.1 | 34–38 | self–report | 48.93 ± 13.35 | Breast cancer | Disease control | 33.3 |
30 | 35.3 | 25–47 | (SAS standard score > 50) | 39.30 ± 9.01 |  |  | 3.3 | ||
Gao et al., 1989 | Depression | 245 | 46.1 | 20–76 | self-report | – | Mixed | Disease control | 73.1 |
232 | 46.4 | 20–74 | (CES-D total score ≥ 16) | 10.96 ± 6.46 |  |  | 22.5 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 245 | 46.1 | 20–76 | self-report | – | Mixed | Disease control | 31.1 |
232 | 46.4 | 20–74 | (STAI total score ≥ 27) | 13.92 ± 8.15 |  |  | 4.8 | ||
Chen & Gao, 2010 | Depression | 90 | 53.5 | 38–79 | clinical diagnosis | – | Esophageal cancer | Disease control | 46.7 |
86 | 51.8 | 36–80 | (HRSD total score ≥ 20) | – |  |  | 12.8 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 90 | 53.5 | 38–79 | clinical diagnosis | – | Esophageal cancer | Disease control | 48.9 |
86 | 51.8 | 36–80 | (HRSA total score ≥ 7) | – |  |  | 17.4 | ||
She, 2009 | Depression | 142 | 44.53 | 15–82 | self-report | 50.85 ± 11.57 | Mixed | Disease control | 60.6 |
149 | 44.53 | 15–82 | (SDS standard score ≥ 50) | 46.09 ± 12.16 |  |  | 38.3 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 142 | 44.53 | 15–82 | self-report | 47.80 ± 10.8 | Mixed | Disease control | 47.2 |
149 | 44.53 | 15–82 | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | 44.51 ± 10.04 |  |  | 23.5 | ||
Zhao et al., 2001 | Depression | 65 | 51.5 | 29–71 | self-report | 0.54 ± 0.08 | Liver cancer | Disease control | 43.08 |
65 | – | – | (SDS index ≥0.5) | 0.27 ± 0.12 |  |  | 9.23 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 65 | 51.5 | 29–71 | self-report | 36.86 ± 6.47 | Liver cancer | Disease control | 24.62 |
65 | – | – | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | 27.1 ± 9.76 |  |  | 13.69 | ||
|  | Depression | 65 | 51.5 | 29–71 | self-report | 0.41 ± 0.09 | Breast cancer | Disease control | 20 |
65 | – | – | (SDS index ≥0.5) | 0.27 ± 0.12 |  |  | 9.23 | ||
|  | Anxiety | 65 | 51.5 | 29–71 | self-report | 44 ± 8.36 | Breast cancer | Disease control | 20 |
65 | – | – | (SAS standard score ≥ 50) | 27.1 ± 9.76 |  |  | 13.96 | ||
Wan et al., 2004 | Depression | 100 | 44.51 | 20–70 | self-report | 15.06 ± 11.5 | Primary liver cancer | Disease control | 49 |
100 | – | – | (CES-D total score ≥ 16) | 11.03 ± 15.06 |  |  | 27 | ||
|  | Depression | 100 | 44.51 | 20–70 | self-report | 15.06 ± 11.5 | Primary liver cancer | Normal control | 49 |
100 | – | – | (CES-D total score ≥ 16) | 8.08 ± 8.44 |  |  | 17 | ||
Zhang et al., 2003 | Depression | 155 | – | >18 | Clinical diagnosis | 21 ± 9 | Lung cancer | Normal control | 43.2 |
155 | – | >18 | (HRSD total score >8) | 9 ± 4 |  |  | 16.1 |