Skip to main content

Table 3 Epidemiological studies used for indirect estimates

From: Indirectly estimated absolute lung cancer mortality rates by smoking status and histological type based on a systematic review

Region / Countrya

Studyb

Study designc

Yeard

Racee

Sexf

Smoking statusg

Producth

Lung cancer typei

Canada

BANDj

CC

1987

all

m

E

Conly(1)

q, a

 

BEST

P

1957

all

m

E,

A

all

      

C,X

Conly(1)

all

   

1958

 

f

E

Conly(1)

all

 

HOROWI

CC

1962

all

m, f

E

C(1)

all

 

JAIN

CC

1983

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all, q, a

 

MCDUFF

CC

1981

all

m

E

C

all

 

SIEMIA

CC

1982

all

m

E

C

all, q, a

 

WIGLE

CC

1972

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

USA

ANDERS

P

1990

all

f

E,C,X

C

all,

      

E

C

q, a

 

BLOT4

CC

1976

wh

m

E

C

all

 

BOUCOT

P

1958

all

m

E,

A

all

      

C,X

Conly(1)

all

 

BRESLO

CC

1951

all

m, f

E

A(2)

all

 

BROSS

CC

1963

wh

m

E,

A

all

      

C,X

C(1)

all

 

BROWN2j

CC

1987

wh

m, f

E,C,X

C

q, a

 

BUFFLE

CC

1978

wh

m

E

A

all

      

E

C

q, a

      

C,X

C(1)

all

    

wh

f

E

A

all

    

wh-hi

 

E

C

q

    

wh

 

E

C

a

    

wh

 

C,X

C(1)

all

    

wh-hi

 

C,X

C(1)

q, a

 

BYERS1k

CC

1961

wh

m

E

C

q, a

 

CHANG

P

1980

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

 

CHOW

P

1974

wh

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

COMSTO

NCC

1987

all

m, f

E

A

all

      

C,X

C(1)

all

      

E,C,X

C

q, a

 

CPSI

P

1962

all

m

E,

C(1)

all

    

wh

 

C,X

Conly(1)

 
    

all

f

E,C,X

C

all

 

CPSII

P

1984

all

m

E,C,X

Conly(1)

all

     

f

E,C,X

C

all

 

DORGAN

CC

1982

wh

m, f

E

A

all

    

wh

m

E

C(1)

q, a

    

all

f

E

C(1)

q, a

    

wh

m, f

C,X

C(1)

all

 

DORN

P

1959

wh

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

GOODMA

CC

1984

w + o

m, f

E,C,X

C(1)

all

 

GRAHAM

CC

1958

wh

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

HAENSZ

CC

1956

all

f

E

A

not alv, q + u, a

      

C,X

C(1)

not alv, q + u, a

 

HAMMON

P

1953

wh

m

E

A

alll, not a, a

 

HENNEK

P

1988

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

HORWIT

CC

1980

all

f

E

C

all

 

KAISE2

P

1987

all

m, f

E,C,X

Conly(1)

all

 

KELLER

CC

1986

wh

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

 

KHUDER

CC

1986

all

m

E,C,X

C

all, q, a

 

LOMBA2

CC

1964

all

f

E

C

all, q + u, not q + u

 

LOMBAR

CC

1958

all

m

E

A

all

      

C,X

C(1)

all

 

MILLER

CC

1978

all

f

E

C(1)

all

 

NAM

CC

1986

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

 

OSANN

CC

1985

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all, q, a

 

OSANN2k

NCC

1973

all

f

E,C,X

C

KI, KII

 

PIKE

CC

1974

w-hi

m, f

E

A

all

 

SADOWS

CC

1941

wh

m

E

A

all

 

SCHWAR

CC

1986

wh

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

 

STAYNE

CC

1970

all

m

E

A

all, q, a

 

TOUSEY

CC

1995

all

m, f

E,

A

all

      

C,X

C(1)

all

 

WU

CC

1982

wh

f

E,C,X

A

q + a

 

WYNDE2

CC

1963

all

m

E

A

all, KI, KII

 

WYNDE3

CC

1968

all

m

E,C,X

A

all, KI, KII

     

f

E

A

all, KI, KII

 

WYNDE4

CC

1949

all

m

E

A

all, not a, a

     

f j

E

A

not a, a

 

WYNDE6

CC

1983

all

m

E,

A

all, KI, KII

      

C,X

C(1)

all, KI, KII

    

all

f

E,C,X

C

all

    

wh

 

E

C

q, a

    

all

 

C,X

C

KI, KII

SC America

        

Uruguay

DESTE2

CC

1995

all

m

E

A

all, q, a

Uruguay

DESTEF

CC

1991

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Cuba

JOLY

CC

1979

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

      

E

C(1)

q, a

     

f

E,C,X

C(1)

all

      

E

C(1)

q, a

Argentina

MATOS

CC

1995

all

m

E,C,X

C(1)

all, q, a

Argentina

PEZZO2

CC

1995

all

m

E,C,X

C

all

Argentina

PEZZOT

CC

1989

all

m

E,C,X

Conly

all

      

E

Conly

q, a

Brazil

WUNSCH

CC

1991

all

m, f

E,C,X

C(1)

all

UK

ALDERS

CC

1980

all

m

E

A

alll, q, a

     

f

El

MConly(1)

all

      

E

A

q, a

 

BENSHL

P

1973

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

BRETT

P

1961

all

m

E,C,X

C

all

 

DARBY

CC

1991

wh

m, f

Em

A

all

 

DEAN2

CC

1961

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

 

DEAN3

CC

1971

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

     

f

E,C,X

MConly(1)

all

 

DOLL

CC

1950

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

      

E

A

KI, KII

 

DOLL2

P

1963

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

GILLIS

CC

1979

all

m

E,C,X

C(1)

all

 

GOLLED

CC

1957

all

m

E

C(1)

all

 

GREGOR

CC

1977

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

 

HOLE

P

1979

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

MCCONN

CC

1948

all

m, f

E

A

all

 

MIGRAN

P

1970

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

 

PETO

P

1966

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

 

STOCKS

CC

1954

all

m

E

A

all

 

WILKIN

CC

1993

all

m, f

E

C

all

Scandinavia

        

Sweden

AXELSS

CC

1991

sca

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

Sweden

DAMBER

CC

1975

all

m

E

A

all, q, a + al + br

Norway

ENGELA

P

1970

all

m

E

A

all, q, a

      

C,X

C

all, q, a

     

f

E

A

all

      

C,X

C

all

Norway

KJUUS

CC

1981

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Finland

KNEKT

P

1977

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Finland

KOULUM

CC

1944

all

m

E

A

all

Norway

KREYBE

CC

1951

all

m, f

E

A

all, KI, KII

Denmark

LANGE

P

1982

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

Sweden

NOU

CC

1974

all

m, f

E

A

all, q, a

Finland

PERNU

CC

1951

all

m, f

E

A

all

Sweden

SVENSS

CC

1985

all

f

E,C,X

A

all, q, a

Finland

TENKAN

P

1969

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Iceland

TULINI

P

1985

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

W Europe

        

Switzerland

ABELIN

CC

1953

all

m

E

A

all

Spain

AGUDO

CC

1991

all

f

E,C,X

Conly(1)

all

Spain

ARMADA

CC

1988

all

m

E

A

all

      

C,X

C(1)

all

Italy

BARBON

CC

1983

all

m

E,C,X

A

all, q, a

Germany

BECHER

CC

1986

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

     

f

E

A

q + s, not q + s

France

BENHAM

CC

1978

all

m

E

A

all

      

C,X

Conly(1)

all-mix

      

E,C,X

Conly(1)

KI, KII

     

f

E

C(1)

all, KI, KII

Germany

BLOHMK

CC

1979

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Germany

BROCKM

CC

1991

wh

m, f

E

C

all

Germany

DAVEYS

CC

1936

all

m, f

E

A

all

Netherlands

DORANT

CCO

1987

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Belgium

DROSTE

CC

1996

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Germany

EBELIN

CC

1983

all

m

E

A

all

Switzerland

GSELL

CC

1946

all

m

E

A

all

Germany

JAHN

CC

1991

all

m

E,

A

all, q, a

      

C,X

C(1)

all, q, a

     

f

E

C(1)

all

Greece

KATSOU

CC

1988

all

f

E,C,X

A

all, KI, a

Germany

KREUZE

CC

1993

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

Italy

PASTOR

CC

1978

all

m

E

A

all

Germany

RANDIG

CC

1953

all

m, f

E

A

all

Italy

RONCO

CC

1978

all

m

E

A

all

France

STUCKE

CC

1991

all

m

E,C,X

A

all

Italy

TIZZAN

CC

1960

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

Austria

VUTUC

CC

1978

all

m

En

C

all, KI, KII

     

f

E,C,X

C

all, KI, KII

E Europe

        

Hungary

ABRAHA

P

1984

all

m, f

E

A

q + s + a, q, a

Poland

JEDRYC

CC

1984

all

m, f

Eo

C(1)

all,

     

m

E,C,X

C(1)

q, a

Czechoslovakia

KUBIK

P

1968

all

m

E

A

all

      

C,X

C(1)

all

Hungary

ORMOS

CC

1953

all

m

E

C(1)

all, q, a

     

f

E

C(1)

all

Poland

PAWLEG

CC

1993

all

m

E

A

all

Poland

RACHTA

CC

1993

all

f

E,C,X

C

all

Poland

STASZE

CC

1956

all

m, f

E

A

all, q, a

Japan

ESAKI

CC

1966

all

m, f

E

C

all

 

GAO2

CC

1990

all

m

E,C,X

C

all

 

HIRAYA

P

1972

all

m, f

E,C,X

C(1)

all

 

HITOSU

CC

1963

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all

 

KIHARA

CC

1995

jap

m

E

A

all

 

MATSUD

CC

1965

all

m

E

C

all, q, a

 

SEGI

CC

1950

all

m

E

A

all

 

SOBUE

CC

1987

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

q + s + l + a, q, a

 

WAKAI

CC

1990

all

m, f

E,C,X

A

all, q, a

China

        

Hong Kong

CHAN

CC

1977

all

m, f

E

A

all, q + s, a + l

China

CHEN2

CC

1983

all

m, f

E

A

all

China

DU

CC

1985

all

m, f

E

A

all

China

FAN

CC

1991

all

m, f

E

C(1)

all

China

GAO

CC

1985

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

      

E

C

q, a

China

GENG

CC

1988

all

m, f

E

C(1)

all

China

HU

CC

1986

all

m, f

E

C(1)

all

China

HU2

CC

1978

all

m, f

E

C

all

China

JIANG

CC

1984

all

m, f

E

A

all

Hong Kong

KOO

CC

1982

all

f

E,C,Xp

A

all

      

E

A

q + s, a + l

Hong Kong

LAMTH

CC

1985

ch

f

E

A

all, q, a

Hong Kong

LAMWK

CC

1983

ch

f

E

A

all, q, a

Hong Kong

LAMWK2

CC

1978

all

m, f

E

A

q + s + l + a, q, a

China

LEI

CC

1986

all

m, f

E

A

all

China

LIU2

CC

1984

all

m, f

E

A

all

China

LIU3

CC

1986

all

m

E

A

all

China

LIU4

CC

1987

all

m, f

E

A

all

China

WANG

CC

1992

all

m, f

E

A

all

China

WUWILL

CC

1986

all

f

E

C

all, q, a

China

XU

CC

1986

all

m

E

A

all

China

XU3

CC

1981

all

m, f

E

A

all, KI, KII

China

ZHOU

CC

1986

all

m, f

E

A

all, q, a

Other

        

S Korea

CHOI

CC

1987

all

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

      

E

C

q, a

Singapore

MACLEN

CC

1973

ch

m, f

E,C,X

C

all

Singapore

SEOW

CC

1998

ch

f

E

C

q + s + l + a, q, a

Thailand

SIMARA

CC

1972

all

m, f

E

C

all

  1. a Country not shown if same as region.
  2. b Six character reference codes used in IESLC. See Table two of [3] for associated reference(s).
  3. c CC = case-control, CCO = case-cohort, NCC = nested case-control, P = prospective.
  4. d See footnote a of Table 1.
  5. e ch = Chinese, jap = Japanese, o = oriental, sca = Scandinavian, wh = white, wh-hi = white excluding hispanic.
  6. f m = male, f = female.
  7. g E = ever vs never, C = Current vs never, X = Ex vs never. Studies with no ever vs never relative risk were excluded (see Additional file 1). Except where indicated below by footnotes l-o, studies shown only as “E” had no current vs never or ex vs never relative risk.
  8. h A = any product, C = cigarettes, MC = manufactured cigarettes. The comparison is between “ever smoked the product” and “never smoked the product” except where indicated (1) the comparison is with never smokers of any product (i.e. never smokers excluded pipe/cigar only smokers), (2) never smokers included long term ex smokers.
  9. i Indicates lung cancer types for which results are available, a = adenocarcinoma, all = total lung cancer, alv = alveolar, br = bronchioalveolar, KI = Kreyberg I, KII = Kreyberg II, l = large cell carcinoma, mix = mixed, q = squamous cell carcinoma, s = small or oat cell carcinoma, u = undifferentiated. Where only one entry is shown, results are only available for a definition of all lung cancer. Where three entries are shown, the first entry relates to the definition of all lung cancer, the second to the definition of squamous and the third to the definition of adeno. Where two entries are shown, the two entries relate to the definitions of squamous and adeno, no results being available for a definition of all lung cancer (as further explained in footnotes j and k).
  10. j All lung cancer not included as only adjusted relative risks available.
  11. k Subsidiary study, results for all lung cancer available from corresponding principal study.
  12. l Current smoking excluded because no ex smoking relative risk available.
  13. m Current and ex smoking excluded because no matching pair of relative risks available.
  14. n Current and ex smoking excluded because only available relative risks did not satisfy age criteria.
  15. o Ex smoking excluded because no current smoking relative risk available.
  16. p Current and Ex based on a subset of the study.