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Table 13 Meta-analyses of indirect estimates of lung cancer mortality rates in former smokers

From: Indirectly estimated absolute lung cancer mortality rates by smoking status and histological type based on a systematic review

Sex

Region

Period

Statistica

All lung cancerb

Squamousc

Adenod

All

All

All

n

116

28

28

   

Rate

197.7 (177.2–220.6)

78.6 (61.0–101.3)

68.0 (55.7–83.0)

   

H,PH

35.58, <0.001

36.48, <0.001

16.78, <0.001

Male

  

n

70

15

15

   

Rate

277.1 (246.4–311.6)

144.3 (121.2–171.8)

91.4 (74.1–112.8)

Female

  

n

46

13

13

   

Rate

105.1 (87.3–126.6)

31.2 (18.6–52.4)

43.4 (28.4–66.3)

Betweene

  

PB

<0.001

<0.001

<0.05

 

Canada

 

n

5

2

2

   

Rate

129.5 (64.9–258.5)

52.0 (9.3–289.8)

36.6 (7.9–169.0)

 

USA

 

n

40

13

13

   

Rate

230.8 (193.3–275.5)

79.7 (53.9–118.0)

90.9 (72.4–114.2)

 

SC Americaf

 

n

8

1

1

   

Rate

216.5 (167.0–280.7)

48.7 (29.0–82.1)

117.6 (84.0–164.8)

 

UK

 

n

16

0

0

   

Rate

220.3 (159.1–305.1)

  
 

Scandinaviag

 

n

12

2

2

   

Rate

109.3 (71.8–166.4)

21.0 (3.4–130.6)

15.7 (10.0–24.9)

 

W Europeh

 

n

17

5

5

   

Rate

217.1 (165.4–284.9)

160.7 (121.4–212.7)

51.3 (24.6–107.2)

 

E Europei

 

n

2

1

1

   

Rate

196.2 (69.4–554.5)

131.0 (96.9–177.1)

56.3 (35.9–88.2)

 

Japan

 

n

9

4

4

   

Rate

178.5 (140.4–226.9)

74.0 (43.2–126.6)

96.4 (81.8–113.5)

 

Chinaj

 

n

3

0

0

   

Rate

334.4 (276.2–405.0)

  
 

Other Asiak

 

n

4

0

0

   

Rate

72.7 (52.5–100.7)

  
 

Betweene

 

PB

NS

NS

<0.1

  

1930–60

n

10

1

1

   

Rate

105.0 (72.3–152.4)

19.5 (5.3–71.3)

12.8 (2.8–58.5)

  

1961–70

n

17

2

2

   

Rate

152.0 (105.8–218.3)

88.3 (31.3–249.5)

28.0 (9.0–87.1)

  

1971–80

n

24

4

4

   

Rate

226.1 (176.4–289.9)

60.1 (18.9–190.6)

25.8 (19.6–33.9)

  

1981–90

n

49

19

19

   

Rate

229.7 (198.5–265.8)

80.9 (58.7–111.6)

87.0 (71.2–106.2)

  

1991–99

n

16

2

2

   

Rate

193.4 (148.9–251.2)

97.9 (26.2–366.3)

122.3 (104.6–143.1)

  

Betweene

PB

<0.001

NS

<0.05

  1. a n = number of estimates combined, Rate = random-effects meta-analysis lung cancer mortality rate per 100,000 per year for age 70–74 years (95% CI), H = heterogeneity per degree of freedom, PH = probability value for heterogeneity expressed as p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.1 or NS (p ≥ 0.1), PB = probability value for heterogeneity between levels (see Methods) similarly expressed.
  2. b All or nearest available, must include at least squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
  3. c Squamous cell carcinoma or nearest available, but not including adenocarcinoma.
  4. d Adenocarcinoma or nearest available, but not including squamous cell carcinoma.
  5. e Heterogeneity between levels of factor considered.
  6. f Including Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Uruguay.
  7. g Including Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.
  8. h Including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain.
  9. i Including Czechoslovakia, Poland.
  10. j Including China, Hong Kong.
  11. k Including Singapore, South Korea.
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BMC Cancer

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