Author, yr | Type of validity and OM | Missing values | Comparator OM or predicted outcome | Validation results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Functional capacity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Jones 2012 [40] | Crit-pred 6MWT | Nil | All-cause mortality | Unadjusted HR p = 0.003; Compared to 6MWT <358.5Â m adjusted HR = 0.61 (95% CI 0.34-1.07) if 6MWT 358.5-450Â m; Compared to 6MWT <385.5Â m adjusted HR = 0.48 (95% CI 0.24-0.93) if 6MWT >450Â m |
Pancieri 2010 [22] | Crit-pred 6MWT | NR | Predicted post-op 6MWT = pre-op 6MWT x (FS – resected FS) ÷ FS | r = 0.40, p<0.01 |
Kasymjanova 2009 [25] | Crit-pred 6MWT | 19pts dropped out | Survival | Compared to 6MWT ≥ 400 m mortality HR = 0.44 (95% CI 0.23-0.83) if 6MWT <400 m, p = 0.001 |
Crit-pred; construct 6MWT | 3pts not complete Ax | 1. Development of RP | 1. ROC area under curve = 0.41, p = 0.4 | |
2. FEV1 | 2. r = 0.53, p<0.001 | |||
3. FVC | 3. r = 0.44, p = 0.001 | |||
4. DLCO | 4. r = 0.48, p<0.001 | |||
Saad 2007 [24] | Crit-pred 6MWT | 9pts died; 30pts not complete Ax (rural) | Predictors of improvement in pre-op to 180Â days-post-op: | 1. GEE = 0.001, SE = 0.000, p = 0.003 |
1. SF-36 PF | 2. GEE = 0.001, SE = 0.000, p = 0.000 | |||
2. SF-36 PR | 3. GEE = 0.001, SE = 0.000, p = 0.031 | |||
3. SF-36 GH | Â | |||
Parsons 2003 [39] | Crit-pred 6MWT | 29pts | LOS out of hospital < 30Â days post-op | Not significant |
Pierce 1994 [23] | Crit-pred 6MWT | NR | Post-op: | 1. p<0.05 |
1. respiratory failure | 2. p>0.05 | |||
2. surgical POC | 3. p>0.05 | |||
3. respiratory POC | 4. p>0.05 | |||
4. cardiac POC | 5. p>0.05 | |||
5. all POC | ||||
Holden 1992 [41] | Crit-pred 6MWT | 3pts not complete Ax | Survival > 90Â days post-op | 6MWT diff b/t groups with/without survival p<0.05; |
6MWT > 1000feet (305Â m) pre-op sensitivity 100%, positive predictive value 85%, negative predictive value 100% for survival | ||||
England 2012 [44] | Construct ISWT | Nil | 1. P max monitor (insp mm strength) | 1. r = 0.42, p = 0.01 |
2. dynamometry (peripheral mm power) | 2. r = 0.39, p = 0.01 | |||
3. spirometry (% predicted FEV1) | 3. r = 0.22, p = 0.17 | |||
4. spirometry (% predicted FVC) | 4. r = 0.21, p = 0.2 | |||
5. CRDQ (mastery) | 5. r = 0.21, p = 0.18 | |||
Win 2006 [30] | Crit-pred; crit-concurrent; construct ISWT | Nil | 1. CPET (VO2peak) | 1. r = 0.67, p<0.001 |
2. CPET (VO2peak% predicted) | 2. r = 0.30 | |||
3. spirometry (FEV1) | 3. r = 0.5 | |||
4. 12Â month survival | 4. ROC area = 0.7, p = 0.003 | |||
Win 2004 [64] | Crit-pred, construct ISWT | 8pts | 1. poor surgical outcome (post-op death, MI, heart failure, resp failure, septicaemia, pneumonia, cardiac arrthymia) | 1. p = 0.6 between poor and sufficient outcome groups |
2. FEV1 | 2. r = 0.46, not significant | |||
Brunelli 2012 [43] | Crit-pred SCT | 14 | Median survival and 5-year survival | Altitude >18Â m independent predictor: HR = 0.5, p = 0.003 |
Brunelli 2010 [31] | Construct SCT | Nil | SCT (VO2max) | Altitude: correlation coefficient = 0.7, p<0.0001 |
Speed of ascent: correlation coefficient = 0.47, p = 0.005 | ||||
Pancieri 2010 [22] | Crit-pred SCT | NR | Predicted post-op SCT = pre-op SCT x (FS – resected FS) ÷ FS | r = 0.66, p<0.001 |
Brunelli 2008a [34] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | POC < 30 days post-op | Pre-op altitude: coefficient = −0.05, OR = 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99), SE = 0.02, p = 0.045 |
O2desat >4%: coefficient = 0.56, OR = 1.8 (95% CI 1–3), SE = 0.3, p = 0.05 | ||||
Brunelli 2008b [33] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | 1. POC < 30Â days post-op | 1. altitude: coefficient = 0.34, SE = 0.2, OR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.02-1.95), p = 0.04 |
2. Death < 30Â days post-op | 2. altitude: coefficient = 0.91, SE = 0.4, OR = 2.5 (95% CI 1.1-5.5), p = 0.02 | |||
3. Post-op hospital costs | 3. altitude: coefficient = 2160.2, SE = 573, p<0.001 | |||
Koegelenberg 2008 [29] | Crit-concurrent SCT | Nil | CPET (VO2max) | Altitude r2 = 0.06, Speed of ascent r2 = 0.77 (lung cancer only) |
Nikolic 2008 [36] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | POC < 30Â days post-op | Best independent predictor = SpO2 after 40 steps and SCT duration for lobectomy group (60% sensitivity, 75% specificity cut off value 1.09) positive LR = 2.4 (95% CI 1.71-3.38), negative LR = 0.53 (95% CI 0.38-0.76) |
Brunelli 2007 [20] | Constuct SCT | 53pts at 3Â months | Post-op SCT (VO2peak) | Pre-op SCT VO2peak directly associated with post-op SCT: regression analysis lobectomy F = 3.58, p<0.01; pneumonectomy F = 3.53, p<0.01 |
Toker 2007 [37] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | POC (cardiac or pulmonary) | SpO2 pre-SCT: OR = 0.74 (95% CI 0.58-1.00), p = 0.001 |
Change SpO2 pre to post-SCT: OR = 1.59 (95% CI 1.21-2.10), p = 0.018 | ||||
Brunelli 2005 [42] | Crit-pred SCT | 13pts | 1. POC < 30Â days post-op | Inability to perform pre-op SCT: |
1. p = 0.7 | ||||
2. Death < 30Â days post-op | 2. OR = 0.20 (95% CI 0.06-0.62), p = 0.005 | |||
Brunelli 2004 [35] | Crit-pred SCT | 18pts | POC < 30 days post-op | Lower altitude pre-op independent predictor: coefficient = −0.18, p = 0.0015 |
Brunelli 2003 [21] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | O2 desat during post-op SCT | O2 desat during pre-op SCT independent variable: regression coefficient = 0.22, p = 0.0004 |
Parsons 2003 [39] | Crit-pred SCT | 29pts | LOS out of hospital < 30 days post-op | 1. longer LOS correlated with speed of ascent r = 0.34, p≤0.02 |
2. workload achieved predicted LOS out of hospital r2 = 0.130 | ||||
Brunelli 2002 [32] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | POC < 30Â days post-op | Altitude independent variable: p = 0.003 |
Pate 1996 [38] | Crit-pred SCT | Nil | POC < 30Â days post-op | Significant difference in pre-op SCT between pt who did and did not develop POC |
Holden 1982 [41] | Crit-pred SCT | 3pts | Survival > 90Â days post-op | SCT diff b/t groups with/without survival p<0.05 |
SCT > 44steps pre-op positive predictive value 91%, negative predictive value 80% for survival | ||||
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maddocks 2012 [47] | Construct Acc | Nil | ECOG PS | Statistically significant difference in mean daily step count, time spent sitting/lying, upright, standing or stepping between PS 0, 1 and 2 p<0.05 but not mean daily sit-to-stand transitions |
Construct Acc | 16pts Acc, 16pts questionnaires | 1. HADS | 1. Outpt: depression and activity r = −0.41, p = 0.04 | |
2. Ferrans and Power QLI Cancer Version III | 2. Daytime activity and QLI domains of health/functioning r = 0.51, p<0.01; social/economic r = 0.38, p = 0.048; psychological/spiritual r = 0.45, p = 0.02; family r = 0.45, p = 0.02; overall QLI r = 0.57, p<0.01 | |||
3. EORTC | 3. Inpt: daytime activity and loss of appetite r = −0.41, p = 0.005 | |||
4. PSQI | 4. Outpt: lower sleep medication use and activity r = −0.58, p<0.01 | |||
Novoa 2011 [51] | Construct Pedom | 13 pts – unable to perform exercise test | CPET (VO2max) | Mean daily total steps r = 0.4 |
Mean daily aerobic steps r = 0.16 | ||||
Mean daily time of aerobic capacity r = 0.11 | ||||
Mean daily distance walked r = 0.44 | ||||
Maddocks 2010 [46] | Construct Acc | 2 pts withdrawn | Estimated EE (stepping and non-stepping) measured from acc | Non-stepping EE and daily step count r = −0.91, p<0.01 |
Muscle strength | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Brown 2005 [53] | Construct CST | Nil | 1. KPS | 1. r2 = 0.565, p < 0.001 (ca group) |
 |  |  | 2. FACIT-fatigue | 2. with incr fatigue, lower CST p<0.01 (ca group) |