|
Banasik 2011 [56]
|
Y Iyengar yoga given by expert Iyenger instructors, with focus on training and accepting the physical form of the body without specific meditation component.
|
Average 14 classes out of 16 (87.5%), range 12 – 15.
|
|
D 8 weeks, twice a week, 90 min per session
|
|
H -
|
|
C wait-list
|
|
Banerjee, 2007 [51]
|
Y Meditative practice, slow stretching and loosening exercises, motivation and counseling, yoga asanas, group awareness practices, pranayama, deep relaxation (yoga nidra) given by expert yoga trainers.
|
?
|
|
D 6-weeks; 90 min per session
|
|
H Patients were provided with audio and video tools to practice at home and were followed up via telephone during weekends to ensure continuity of the practice.
|
|
C Supportive counseling and advised to take light exercise.
|
|
Blank, 2003 [31]
|
Y Iyengar Yoga, including seated meditation, active asana, restorative poses, savasana.
|
?
|
|
D 8 weeks, 2 times per week
|
|
H 1 home practice per week
|
|
C wait-list control
|
|
Bower, 2012 [58]
|
Y Iyengar yoga classes were taught by a certified Junior Intermediate Iyengar yoga instructor and an assistant under the guidance of a senior teacher.
|
The mean number of yoga classes attended was 18.9 of 24 classes (78%), and the median was 22 of 24 classes (92%).
|
|
D 12 weeks, twice a week, 90 min.
|
|
H -
|
|
C Health education classes were conducted for 120 min once a week for 12 weeks. Classes were led by a PhD-level psychologist with clinical experience in the treatment of breast cancer survivors.
|
|
Carson, 2009 [32]
|
Y Yoga of Awareness given by certified yoga teacher: 40 min yoga poses, 10 min breathing techniques, 25 min meditation, 20 min of study pertinent topics and 25 min group discussion
|
Average 6 classes out of 8 (75%). 3 women less than 4 classes (3/17 = 17.6%)
|
|
D 8 weeks, once a week, 120 min
|
|
H Patients were encouraged to practice daily at home with aid of CD recordings and illustrated hand books.
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Chandwani, 2010 [55]
|
Y The multidimensional yoga module was given a trained yoga instructor: 10 warm-up movements synchronized with breathing, 25 min maintenance in selected postures, 10 min deep relaxation, 5 min pranayama, 10 min mediation.
|
15 (50%) all 12 classes; 8 (28%) attended 11 classes; 1 (3%) attended 10 classes; 1 only 2 classes. One attended 3 classes, one 4, one 5, one 7 and one 8 classes. Average number of classes was 10.2 (85%); SD: 2.96; range 2 – 12. Home practice: 8 (28%) reported practicing
|
|
D 6 weeks, 2 times per week; 60 min per session
|
|
H Patients were encouraged to practice type full yoga once per day outside the classes, supported by a 60-min audio CD of the yoga program and a manual with photographs and instructions.
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Cohen, 2004 [44]
|
Y Tibetan yoga sessions given by experienced instructor, divided into 4 aspects: controlled breathing and visualization, mindfulness, and postures.
|
32% all sessions; 26% 5 or 6 sessions; 32% 2 or 3 sessions; 10% 1 session
|
|
D 7 weekly sessions
|
|
H Patients were encouraged to practice the techniques at least once per day, supported by audiotape that walked them though all of the techniques.
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Culos-Reed, 2006 [52]
|
Y Classes were led by a certified yoga instructed and included 10 min gentle breathing; 50 min Yoga asanas; 15 min savasana.
| |
|
D 7 weeks, 75 min.
|
|
H -
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Danhauer, 2009 [53]
|
Y Restorative yoga classes were taught by a yoga instructor with cancer-specific yoga training and combined yoga asanas, pranayama, savasana.
|
Mean 5.8 (3.4) classes out of 10 (58%) 2 (10%) women 100%; 3 (14%) 0% of classes
|
|
D 10 weekly 75-min classes
|
|
H -
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Littman, 2011 [57]
|
Y Viniyoga, a Hatha therapeutic type o f yoga given by certified experienced yoga instructors: 5–10 min centering exercises to promote relaxation and internal focus, 50–60 min of seated and standing poses, 10–15 min guided relaxation, breathing exercises and meditation.
|
Mean 19.6 (range 1–61; median 20.5) classes. Home practice: 55.8 times (range 2 – 102; median 62).
|
|
D 6 months, 5 times per week including at least one 75-min class
|
|
H patients were given a DVD, VD and booklets of four home practices lasting 20–30 min each.
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Moadel, 2007 [54]
|
Y Classes were given by a certified yoga instructor and included 3 yoga components: physical stretches and poses, breathing exercises, and meditation.
|
High adherence (>6 classes): n = 33 (; Low adherence (1–6 classes), n = 24; No adherence (0 classes), n = 27. Average attendance 7 out of 12 classes (58%).
|
|
D 12 weekly 1.5 hrs classes (more allowed)
|
|
H Patients were asked to practice yoga at home daily and given an audiotape/compact disk for guidance.
|
|
C Wait-list control
|
|
Raghavendra, 2007 [49]
|
Y Integrated yoga program administered by an instructor: asanas, breathing exercise, pranayama, meditation and yogic relaxation techniques with imagery.
|
?
|
|
D 30 min before the start of the chemotherapy infusion (once in 10 days, number of cycles 4–8).
|
|
H Patients were provided with audiotapes of these exercises for home practice and asked to practice daily for 1 h for 6 days/week during intervals between chemotherapy cycles.
|
|
C Supportive therapy and coping preparation
|
|
Rao, 2009 [50]
|
Y Integrated yoga program administered by an instructor: asanas, breathing, pranayama, mediation and yogic relaxation techniques with imagery.
|
?
|
|
D Four sessions during pre- and post operative period, 3 in-person sessions per week for 6 weeks during radiotherapy. During chemotherapy, subjects underwent person sessions during their hospital visits for chemotherapy administration (once in 21 days) and an additional yoga session once in 10 days.
|
|
H Patients were given booklets, audiotapes with instructions on practices for home practice.
|
|
C Supportive therapy sessions
|
|
Vadiraja, 2009 [46–48]
|
Y Integrated yoga program administered by an instructor: asanas, breathing, pranayama, mediation and yogic relaxation techniques with imagery.
|
29.7% attended 10-20% supervised sessions, 56.7% attended 20–25, 13.7% attended >25 supervised sessions over a 6-week period. Attend minimal 3x/wk for 6 weeks → 18 classes.
|
|
D Minimum of 3 in-person sessions per week for 6 weeks during radio treatment; 1 hour per session. In total between 18–24 yoga sessions.
|
|
H Patients were given booklets, audiotapes with instructions on practices for home practice.
|
|
C Supportive therapy with education. 15-min counseling sessions once every 10 days during 6 weeks (3 or 4 sessions in total).
|
