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Table 4 Association of exposure to hardwood dust with nasal malignancies

From: Risk factors for nasal malignancies in German men: the South-German Nasal cancer study

 

Controls (%)

Cases (%)

OR (95% CI)

All study participants

   

Reference*

2331 (97.1)

393 (92.0)

1.00

Exposed for at least 1 year§

70 (2.9)

34 (8.0)

2.33 (1.40–3.91)

Per year of exposure§

70 (2.9)

34 (8.0)

1.06 (1.03–1.10)

Exposure (tertile) < 8 years

23 (1.0)

6 (1.4)

2.08 (0.56–7.74)

8 < 24 years

23 (1.0)

9 (2.1)

1.26 (0.51–3.18)

24+ years

24 (1.0)

19 (4.5)

13.07 (3.44–49.70)

Smokers

   

Reference*

1370 (96.8)

273 (93.5)

1.0

Exposed for at least 1 year§

45 (3.2)

19 (6.5)

2.42 (1.03–5.68)

Per year of exposure§

45 (3.2)

19 (6.5)

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

Exposure (tertile) < 8 years

16 (1.1)

4 (1.4)

2.72 (0.56–13.14)

8 < 24 years

16 (1.1)

5 (1.7)

1.65 (0.53–5.18)

24+ years

13 (0.9)

10 (3.4)

8.69 (1.36–55.42)

Never-smokers

   

Reference*

961 (97.5)

120 (88.9)

1.00

Exposed for at least 1 year§

25 (2.5)

15 (11.1)

6.09 (1.56–23.75)

Per year of exposure§

25 (2.5)

15 (11.1)

1.09 (1.02–1.16)

Exposure (tertile) < 8 years

7 (0.7)

2 (1.5)

2.84 (0.24–34.27)

8 < 24 years

7 (0.7)

4 (3.0)

3.20 (0.34–30.07)

24+ years

11 (1.1)

9 (6.7)

22.25 (2.05–241.02)

  1. *never exposed to hardwood dust.
  2. §daily/several days per week.
  3. Adjustments: Year of birth, community size, educational attainment, cigarette pack-years (all study participants), snuff package-years, years of exposure to asbestos, organic solvents, use of nasal spray/nasal lavage and ever-use of insecticides in homes, duration of exposure to softwood dust and to chipboard dust.