Table 5 Effect sizes of yoga versus control during active cancer treatment and after completion of active cancer treatment
From: Yoga for breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Outcomea | No. of studies | No. of patients (yoga) | No. of patients (control) | Standardized mean difference [95% confidence interval] | P (overall effect) | Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2; Chi2; P | ||||||
During active cancer treatment | ||||||
Short-term | ||||||
 Mental well-being | 3 | 90 | 91 | 1.01 [−0.19, 2.22] | 0.10 | 92%; 24.89; <0.01 |
 Physical well-being | 3 | 81 | 82 | 1.22 [−0.90, 3.34] | 0.26 | 97%; 28.66; <0.01 |
 Social well-being | 2 | 74 | 75 | 0.38 [−0.02, 0.78] | 0.06 | 31%; 1.46; 0.23 |
 Anxiety | 4 | 132 | 121 | −1.86 [−3.02, -0.69] | <0.01 | 93%; 45.00;<0.01 |
 Depression | 4 | 132 | 121 | −2.16 [−3.77, -0.55] | <0.01 | 96%; 83.03; <0.01 |
 Perceived stress | 3 | 93 | 72 | −2.13 [−3.48, -0.78] | <0.01 | 91%; 21.38; <0.01 |
 Psychological distress | 4 | 113 | 114 | −1.10 [−2.09, -0.10] | 0.03 | 92%; 35.97; <0.01 |
After active cancer treatment | ||||||
Short-term | ||||||
 Mental well-being | 2 | 37 | 34 | −0.16 [−0.63, 0.31] | 0.50 | 0%; 0.04; 0.85 |
 Physical well-being | 2 | 37 | 34 | 0.07 [−0.68, 0.81] | 0.86 | 44%; 1.77; 0.18 |
 Functional well-being | 2 | 37 | 34 | 0.23 [−0.23, 0.70] | 0.33 | 0%; 0.05; 0.82 |
 Social well-being | 2 | 37 | 34 | 0.05 [−0.50, 0.61] | 0.85 | 16%; 1.20; 0.27 |