Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer

Lee, Peter N; Forey, Barbara A; Coombs, Katharine J

doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-385

BMC Cancer

Table 4 Distribution of the main characteristics of the relative risks ^a

From: Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer

Smoking index^b	Dose response RRs^b,c	Total	Principal^d	By lung cancer type^a			By sex
				All	Squamous	Adeno	Combined	Male	Female
All		16616	15350	11316	2268	1698	1031	11202	4383
Any product or cigarettes vs. never/non		3614	3366	2359	488	432	342	2065	1207
Cig only smoking vs. never/non		678	621	535	72	56	18	513	147
Pipe/Cigar/Mixed vs. never/non		769	678	644	61	53	22	717	30
Handrolled vs. manufactured		120	104	74	22	14	8	93	19
Filter vs. Plain		303	264	167	74	37	9	182	112
Menthol vs. non-menthol		25	16	20	2	1	5	10	10
Amount smoked	All RRs	3627	3509	2708	412	310	198	2459	970
	Sets vs. never/non	1145	1104	858	123	100	64	741	340
Age of starting	All RRs	1442	1344	1052	167	128	67	970	405
	Sets vs. never/non	256	242	188	29	24	13	159	84
	Sets vs. low	301	285	197	44	35	14	196	91
	Non-categorical RRs	14	14	6	2	2	2	7	5
Duration of smoking	All RRs	2337	2129	1544	342	240	202	1470	665
	Sets vs. never/non	374	337	248	54	40	37	221	116
	Sets vs. low	434	384	261	75	56	38	260	136
	Non-categorical RRs	72	70	32	19	20	1	39	32
Years quit (vs. never)	All RRs	1665	1504	991	276	198	64	1241	360
	Sets vs. never/non	207	194	124	35	26	11	146	50
	Sets vs. low	255	234	157	39	27	8	190	57
	Non-categorical RRs	3	3	3	0	0	2	1	0
Years quit (vs. current)	All RRs	1421	1248	867	221	145	55	1076	290
	Sets vs. current	251	231	155	38	25	11	183	57
	Sets vs. low	244	223	158	33	23	10	177	57
	Non-categorical RRs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tar	All RRs	222	198	156	33	33	18	127	77
	Sets vs. never/non	22	18	16	3	3	4	13	5
	Sets vs. low	41	36	33	4	4	3	24	14
	Non-categorical RRs	55	55	19	18	18	0	27	28
Butt length	All RRs	15	15	15	0	0	0	6	9
	Sets vs. never/non	3	3	3	0	0	0	1	2
	Sets vs. low	2	2	2	0	0	0	1	1
	Non-categorical RRs	2	2	2	0	0	0	1	1
Fraction smoked	All RRs	192	192	42	70	40	5	140	47
	Sets vs. never/non	40	40	10	14	8	1	29	10
	Sets vs. low	50	50	12	18	10	1	34	15
	Non-categorical RRs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lung cancer type (near equivalent definitions)^a	All	11316	10553	11316	0	0	760	7700	2856
	Squamous	2268	2038	0	2268	0	113	1538	617
	Adeno	1698	1532	0	0	1698	68	1098	532
Lung cancer type (exact definitions)	All lung cancer	10980	10247	10980	0	0	671	7571	2738
	Squamous cell carcinoma	1064	1004	0	1064	0	66	710	288
	Adenocarcinoma	1172	1112	0	0	1172	64	726	382
	Large cell carcinoma	393	392	0	0	0	13	266	114
	Small cell carcinoma	718	662	0	0	0	29	497	192
	Other	223	173	0	0	0	48	103	72
Adjustment	None	10113	9266	6740	1362	1086	651	6613	2849
	Sex and/or age only	3099	3053	2423	264	234	132	2307	660
	Other (but not sex or age)	701	686	442	142	63	51	418	232
	Sex and/or age plus other	2703	2345	1711	365	315	197	1864	642
Derivation	Original	1853	1705	1088	261	254	163	1157	533
	Standard calculations	9803	8983	6701	1371	996	663	6376	2764
	Other methods	4960	4662	3527	638	448	205	3669	1086
			Continent				Study type
		Total	North America	Europe	Asia	Other	Case–control	Other
All		16616	6676	6122	2770	1048	11945	4671
Any product or cigarettes vs. never/non		3614	1493	1163	771	187	2716	898
Cigarette only smoking vs. never/non		678	284	340	27	27	345	333
Pipe/Cigar/Mixed vs. never/non		769	380	327	39	23	428	341
Handrolled vs. manufactured		120	0	68	30	22	90	30
Filter vs. Plain		303	74	178	27	24	268	35
Menthol vs. non-menthol		25	25	0	0	0	13	12
Amount smoked	All RRs	3627	1601	1288	612	126	2240	1387
	Sets vs. never/non	1145	507	404	189	45	712	433
Age of starting	All RRs	1442	496	512	301	133	1017	425
	Sets vs. never/non	256	82	93	58	23	186	70
	Sets vs. low	301	93	105	71	32	224	77
	Non-categorical RRs	14	10	1	3	0	14	0
Duration of smoking	All RRs	2337	939	706	462	230	1816	521
	Sets vs. never/non	374	148	111	80	35	287	87
	Sets vs. low	434	154	141	94	45	353	81
	Non-categorical RRs	72	60	9	3	0	70	2
Years quit (vs. never)	All RRs	1665	668	657	196	144	1339	326
	Sets vs. never/non	207	89	75	23	20	170	37
	Sets vs. low	255	86	111	33	25	208	47
	Non-categorical RRs	3	3	0	0	0	3	0
Years quit (vs. current)	All RRs	1421	457	674	177	113	1155	266
	Sets vs. current	251	76	112	36	27	213	38
	Sets vs. low	244	84	102	31	27	198	46
	Non-categorical RRs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tar	All RRs	222	158	64	0	0	182	40
	Sets vs. never/non	22	16	6	0	0	19	3
	Sets vs. low	41	25	16	0	0	26	15
	Non-categorical RRs	55	55	0	0	0	54	1
Butt length	All RRs	15	0	13	0	2	15	0
	Sets vs. never/non	3	0	3	0	0	3	0
	Sets vs. low	2	0	2	0	0	2	0
	Non-categorical RRs	2	0	0	0	2	2	0
Fraction smoked	All RRs	192	32	56	99	5	190	2
	Sets vs. never/non	40	10	8	21	1	40	0
	Sets vs. low	50	12	16	21	1	48	2
	Non-categorical RRs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lung cancer type (near equivalent)^a	All	11316	4879	3955	1765	717	6942	4374
	Squamous	2268	773	931	445	119	2131	137
	Adeno	1698	615	618	346	119	1601	97
Lung cancer type (exact definitions)	All lung cancer	10980	4654	3923	1686	717	6608	4372
	Squamous carcinoma	1064	205	433	307	119	1008	56
	Adenocarcinoma	1172	308	435	310	119	1097	75
	Large cell carcinoma	393	208	94	88	3	379	14
	Small cell carcinoma	718	148	427	108	35	669	49
	Other	223	53	97	18	55	223	0
Adjustment	None	10113	4105	3489	1847	672	8126	1987
	Sex and/or age only	3099	1515	1153	399	32	1216	1883
	Other (but not sex or age)	701	177	409	79	36	579	122
	Sex and/or age plus other	2703	879	1071	445	308	2024	679
Derivation	Original	1853	649	649	379	176	1436	417
	Standard calculations	9803	3865	3519	1811	608	7703	2100
	Other methods	4960	2162	1954	580	264	2806	2154

^a RRs relating to all lung cancer (all), squamous cell carcinoma (squamous) or adenocarcinoma (adeno) or to a near equivalent definition.
^b “never/non” indicates never smoker or non smoker.
^c Sets are dose response results for an identical definition of smoking product, strata and confounding variables. Sets vs. low are sets where the RR has been calculated compared to the level with the lowest expected risk, i.e. the smallest amount smoked, or the latest age of starting. Non-categorical RRs are typically where RRs and CIs are not available, but some other information was provided.
^d RRs from principal studies.

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ISSN: 1471-2407

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