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Table 20 Meta-analyses for additional lung cancer types (all lung cancer) a

From: Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer

Lung cancer type

Statisticb

Ever smoking

Current smoking

Ever/current smoking

All lung cancerc

n

328

195

342

 

F

4.22 (4.16-4.28)

9.29 (9.07-9.52)

4.25 (4.20-4.31)

 

R

5.50 (5.07-5.96)

8.43 (7.63-9.31)

5.48 (5.07-5.93)

 

H, PH

22.84, p < 0.001

13.76, p < 0.001

22.46, p < 0.001

Squamous cell carcinoma

n

74

33

82

 

F

10.43 (9.72-11.20)

12.74 (11.71-13.87)

9.80 (9.18-10.47)

 

R

11.56 (9.68-13.81)

16.43 (12.66-21.32)

11.62 (9.80-13.78)

 

H, PH

4.18, p < 0.001

5.70, p < 0.001

4.44, p < 0.001

Adenocarcinoma

n

87

40

96

 

F

3.58 (3.39-3.78)

4.40 (4.12-4.70)

3.50 (3.33-3.67)

 

R

2.99 (2.49-3.58)

4.05 (3.15-5.22)

3.10 (2.52-3.65)

 

H, PH

9.18, p < 0.001

12.28, p < 0.001

8.96, p < 0.001

Large cell carcinoma

n

26

15

29

 

F

6.11 (4.78-7.81)

8.41 (6.36-11.12)

5.57 (4.48-6.92)

 

R

5.59 (4.05-7.72)

8.56 (5.29-13.86)

5.33 (4.02-7.07)

 

H, PH

1.47, p < 0.1

2.13, p < 0.01

1.40, p < 0.1

Small cell carcinoma

n

54

27

61

 

F

9.88 (8.94-10.02)

15.31 (13.64-17.19)

9.99 (9.09-10.97)

 

R

10.98 (8.25-14.61)

18.17 (12.92-25.56)

11.14 (8.59-14.46)

 

H, PH

6.08, p < 0.001

5.67, p < 0.001

5.70, p < 0.001

  1. a Within each study, results for the relevant lung cancer type and smoking status are selected in the following preference order, within each sex, for:
  2. smoking product – any, cigarettes (ignoring other products), cigarettes only;
  3. cigarette type – any, manufactured (with or without handrolled), manufactured only;
  4. unexposed group – never any product, never cigarettes, other;
  5. follow-up period – longest available;
  6. race – all or nearest available, otherwise by race;
  7. overlapping studies – principal, subsidiary;
  8. age – whole study, widest available age group;
  9. Results are then selected for:
  10. sex – single sex results, combined sex results;
  11. adjustment for potential confounders – most available.
  12. b n = number of estimates combined, F = fixed-effect meta-analysis RR (95% CI), R = random-effects meta-analysis RR (95% CI), H = heterogeneity chisquared per degree of freedom, PH = probability value for heterogeneity expressed as p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.1 or NS (p ≥ 0.1), PB = probability value for between levels (see Methods) similarly expressed.
  13. c All or nearest available, must include at least squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.