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Table 3 Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) for all prostate cancers and those with Gleason grade ā‰„ 8 by cholesterol quintiles

From: Cholesterol and the risk of grade-specific prostate cancer incidence: evidence from two large prospective cohort studies with up to 37 years' follow up

Ā 

All Prostate Cancers

Prostate cancers Gleason ā‰„ 8

Ā 

Baseline Sample

From 1st January 1997

Ā 

%

n

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

%

n

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

Cholesterol (mmol/L) quintiles

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

< 5.05

5.1

(138)

Ā 

1

1.2

(17)

Ā 

1

5.06 - < 5.57

4.7

(121)

0.89

(0.70, 1.14)

1.5

(19)

1.18

(0.62, 2.28)

5.58 - < 6.09

5.1

(145)

0.95

(0.75, 1.21)

2.1

(30)

1.72

(0.95, 3.13)

6.1 - < 6.69

5.5

(125)

1.01

(0.79, 1.29)

2.8

(33)

2.34

(1.30, 4.23)

ā‰„6.7

4.8

(121)

0.95

(0.74, 1.22)

1.7

(20)

1.40

(0.73, 2.71)

BMI (kg m -2 )

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

< 25 (Under & Desirable weight)

4.8

(279)

Ā 

1

2.1

(61)

Ā 

1

25 - < 30 (Overweight)

5.3

(320)

1.02

(0.86, 1.20)

1.5

(47)

0.69

(0.47, 1.02)

ā‰„30 (Obese)

4.6

(51)

1.03

(0.77, 1.40)

2.3

(11)

1.18

(0.62, 2.27)

Smoking

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Never smoker

6.6

(149)

Ā 

1

2.1

(31)

Ā 

1

Smoker

3.9

(294)

0.90

(0.73, 1.09)

1.6

(52)

0.92

(0.59, 1.45)

Ex-smoker

6.6

(207)

1.03

(0.77, 1.40)

2.1

(36)

1.06

(0.65, 1.72)

Social Class

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

I&II

5.8

(190)

Ā 

1

1.9

(38)

Ā 

1

IIIN

5.6

(108)

1.10

(0.87, 1.40)

2.2

(22)

1.21

(0.71, 2.05)

IIIM

4.7

(217)

1.03

(0.85, 1.26)

1.6

(33)

0.95

(0.59, 1.53)

IV&V

4.2

(135)

0.91

(0.73, 1.14)

1.9

(26)

1.15

(0.69, 1.92)

Height (cm)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā‰¤165.1

4.9

(120)

Ā 

1

1.8

(17)

Ā 

1

165.2-170

4.7

(126)

1.05

(0.82, 1.35)

1.8

(23)

1.27

1(0.68, 2.37)

170.1-172.72

4.2

(121)

1.11

(0.86, 1.43)

1.4

(22)

1.54

(0.61, 2.19)

172.73-177.8

7.5

(165)

1.27

(1.01, 1.61)

3.2

(36)

1.69

(0.94, 3.05)

ā‰„177.9

4.3

(118)

1.35,

(1.04 1.75)

1.3

(21)

1.32

(0.68, 2.55)

  1. Multivariate hazard ratios and 95% CIs were obtained by using age as time-scale; all covariates were included in the model except height. Estimates for height were obtained by replacing the BMI with height