Table 6 Results of quantitative studies comparing different patient groups
From: A systematic review of the impact of stigma and nihilism on lung cancer outcomes
Study | Participants | Outcome | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|
Lung (N = 96) vs breast (N = 30) or prostate (N = 46) cancer patients | |||
LoConte 2008: Else-Quest 2009 USA | Â | Â | Baseline differences between groups |
Stage IV | Patient | Â | |
Lung cancer patients | Guilt and shame (SSGS) | NS^ | |
100% NSCLC | Shame subscale | NS^ | |
Perceived cancer related stigma (5 items) | p < 0.01^ greater for those with lung cancer | ||
Lung (N = 89) vs breast (N = 30) vs prostate (N = 43) cancer patients | |||
LoConte 2008: Else-Quest 2009 USA | Â | Â | Baseline differences between groups |
Stage IV | Patient | Â | |
Lung cancer patients | Guilt and shame (SSGS) | NS^^ | |
100% NSCLC | Perceived stigma (single item) | NS^^ | |
Smoking history (N = 88) vs Never smoker (N = 8) lung cancer patients | |||
LoConte 2008: Else-Quest 2009 USA | Â | Â | Differences between groups |
Stage IV NSCLC | Patient | Â | |
| Â | Guilt and shame (SSGS) | p = 0.02* greater for those with a smoking history | |
Perceived cancer related stigma (5 items) | NR | ||
Current smoker (N = 25) vs Former smoker (N = 66) vs Never smoker (N = 9) lung cancer patients | |||
Lobchuk 2008b Canada | 58% diagnosed with | Patient | Differences between groups |
advanced disease 76% NSCLC | Primary caregiver blame re patient’s efforts to control the disease - single item | p < 0.05^^ greater for current vs never smokers | |
p < 0.05^^ greater for former vs never smokers | |||
Lung vs breast cancer | |||
Wassenaar 2007 USA | Â | Physician | Differences between groups |
Different stages | Referrals to clinical oncologist for the scenarios: | Â | |
after surgery for stage 1B disease | p = 0.86* | ||
hepatic and lung metastases – good performance status | p < 0.001* lower for lung cancer | ||
metastases - poor performance status | p < 0.001* lower for lung cancer | ||
advanced disease – solely for supportive or palliative care | p = 0.009* higher for lung cancer | ||
Reported importance of type of cancer as a factor contributing to decision to refer to oncologist | p = 0.19# | ||
Belief that chemotherapy could improve survival for: | Â | ||
stage IB resected disease | p = 0.001* lower for lung cancer | ||
metastatic disease – good performance status | p = 0.015* lower for lung cancer | ||