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Table 3 Association of HDACs with clinicopathological parameters

From: Expression pattern of class I histone deacetylases in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar cancer: a tissue microarray study

 

Total

HDAC1 low

HDAC1 high

p

HDAC2 low

HDAC2 high

p

HDAC3 low

HDAC3 high

p

All Cases

163

70 (42.9%)

93 (57.1%)

--

38 (23.3%)

125 (76.7%)

--

32 (19.6%)

131 (80.4%)

--

   VIN

106

45 (42.5%)

61 (57.5%)

0.87

12 (11.3%)

94 (88.7%)

< 0.001

28 (26.4%)

78 (73.6%)

0.003

   VSCC

57

25 (43.9%

32 (56.1%)

 

26 (45.6%)

31 (54.4%)

 

4 (7.0%)

53 (93.0%)

 

   p16 neg

39

17 (43.6%)

22 (56.4%)

1.00

10 (25.6%)

29 (74.4%)

0.67

4 (10.3%)

35 (89.7%)

0.109

   p16 pos

124

53 (42.7%)

71 (57.3%)

 

28 (22.6%)

96 (77.4%)

 

28 (22.6%)

96 (77.4%)

 

   Age ≤ 60

93

41 (44.1%)

52 (55.9%)

0.752

22 (23.7%)

71 (76.3%)

1.00

21 (22.6%)

72 (77.4%)

0.322

   Age > 60

70

29 (41.4%)

41 (58.6%)

 

16 (22.9%)

54 (77.1%)

 

11 (15.7%)

59 (84.3%)

 

VSCC°

          

   pT1

20

7 (35.0%)

13 (65.0%)

0.556*

5 (25.0%)

15 (75.0%)

0.057*

1 (5.0%)

19 (95.0%)

0.831*

   pT2

24

11 (45.8%)

13 (54.2%)

 

13 (54.2%)

11 (45.8%)

 

2 (8.3%)

22 (91.7%)

 

   pT3

9

5 (55.6%)

4 (44.4%)

 

6 (66.7%)

3 (33.3%)

 

1 (11.1%)

8 (88.9%)

 

   pN0

23

9 (39.1%)

14 (60.9%)

0.763

9 (39.1%)

14 (60.9%)

0.366

1 (4.3%)

22 (95.7%)

1.00

   pN1/2

20

9 (45.0%)

11 (55.0%)

 

11 (55.0%)

9 (45.0%)

 

1 (5.0%)

19 (95.0%)

 

   G1

12

5 (41.7%)

7 (58.3%)

0.009*

7 (58.3%)

5 (41.7%)

0.602*

1 (8.3%)

11 (91.7%)

0.513*

   G2

29

8 (27.6%)

21 (72.4%)

 

12 (41.4%)

17 (58.6%)

 

1 (3.4%)

28 (96.6%)

 

   G3

16

12 (75%)

4 (25.0%)

 

7 (43.8%)

9 (56.3%)

 

2 (12.5%)

14 (87.5%)

 

VIN

          

   Ki-67 ≤ 10%

11

9 (81%)

2 (18.2%)

0.008

3 (27.3%)

8 (72.7%)

0.109

4 (36.4%)

7 (63.6%)

0.476

   Ki-67 > 10%

95

36 (37.9%)

59 (62.1%)

 

9 (9.5%)

86 (90.5%)

 

24 (25.3%)

71 (74.7%)

 

VSCC

          

   Ki-67 ≤ 10%

19

8 (42.1%)

11 (57.9%)

1.00

14 (73.7%)

5 (26.3%)

0.004

2 (10.5%)

17 (89.5%)

0.594

   Ki-67 > 10%

38

17 (44.7%)

21 (55.3%)

 

12 (31.6%)

26 (68.4%)

 

2 (5.3%)

36 (94.7%)

 
  1. HDAC immunoreactivity score (IRS) has been dichotomized in two groups; HDAC 1 to 3 "high" represent tissue samples with a IRS of 12, HDAC 1 to 3 "low", a IRS less than 12. Clinicopathological parameters investigated in this study are listed in the first column; Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), vulvar squamous cell cancer (VSCC); p-16 as a surrogate marker for human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as described before [21–23]; patient younger than 60 years (Age ≤ 60), patient equal or elder than 60 years (Age > 60); related pTNM-stage and tissue differentiation (G1 to G3) in VSCC. Nuclear Ki-67 protein is a marker for cell proliferation. "Ki-67 ≤ 10%" means that 10 percent or less of the cells are proliferating.
  2. Percentages in parentheses are according to the total number of samples in the first column. P-values result from the association of HDAC low and high groups to one parameter, such as tissue type VIN versus VSCC. Where not specified, Fisher's exact test was used to calculate p-values. P-values labeled by * have been obtained by χ-square test. For a facilitated reading, corresponding data to p-values are in one grid each.
  3. ° T-stage: 6 cases missing at all, no cases of pT4; N-stage: 15 cases missing; M-stage: not shown, 30 cases with no investigation and or data missing.