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Table 2 Odds ratios for smoking associated with OPMDs relative to oral benign tissue conditions

From: Smoking and drinking in relation to oral potentially malignant disorders in Puerto Rico: a case-control study

Exposure

OPMDs (n)

Benign (n)

ORa

95% CI

ORadj b

95% CI

Never smokers

38

99

1.0

---

1.0

---

Ever smokers

48

56

2.23

1.31-3.82

2.53

1.33-4.80

Never smokers

38

99

1.0

---

1.0

---

   Ex-smokers

17

30

1.48

0.73-2.98

1.47

0.67-3.21

   Current smokers

31

26

3.11

1.64-5.90

4.32

1.99-9.38

   P trend

   

0.001

 

< 0.001

Noncurrent smokers

55

129

1.0

---

1.0

---

Current smokers

31

26

2.8

1.52-5.14

3.72

1.83-7.56

Average cigarette equivalents/day

   0

38

99

1.0

---

1.0

---

   > 0-< 20

26

27

2.51

1.30-4.83

2.83

1.35-5.93

   20+

22

29

1.98

1.01-3.86

2.21

1.02-4.80

   P trend

  

0.02

  

0.03

Pack-year equivalents of smoking

   0

38

99

1.0

---

1.0

---

   > 0-< 15.5

21

29

1.89

0.96-3.70

2.26

1.06-4.83

   15.5+

27

27

2.61

1.36-5.00

2.83

1.32-6.06

   P trend

   

0.003

 

0.006

Age started smoking (Ever smokers only)

   18+

27

30

1.0

---

1.0

---

   < 18

21

26

0.9

0.41-1.95

0.81

0.35-1.91

  1. a Crude OR
  2. b OR adjusted for age (four levels), gender, education (three levels), fruit & vegetable intake (four levels), and drinking (four levels)