Dietary flaxseed administered post thoracic radiation treatment improves survival and mitigates radiation-induced pneumonopathy in mice

Table 1 Evaluation of cytokine levels in BAL of mice 4 months post-XRT.

Treatment Groups	IL-1β	IL-4	IL-6	IL-12 (p40/p70)	IL-17	KC	MIG	MIP-1α	VEGF
0%FS	26.7 ± 8.3	28.6 ± 6.3	21.0 ± 5.9	19.2 ± 3.1	0.6 ± 0.2	658.6 ± 39.3	15.3 ± 2.5	25.4 ± 7.8	26.6 ± 4.6
0%FS + XRT	12.1 ± 2.7	17.4 ± 1.0	66.0 ± 42.5	88.1 ± 18.2	0.4 ± 0.1	173.0 ± 47.0	11.4 ± 4.2	18.5 ± 3.7	43.9 ± 4.5
10%FS	14.4 ± 5.1	20.4 ± 2.3	16.6 ± 2.0	12.9 ± 1.3	0.4 ± 0.1	730.7 ± 58.4	14.6 ± 4.4	16.5 ± 3.0	21.1 ± 2.9^#
10%FS + XRT (0 Day)	12.4 ± 0.8	18.2 ± 0.3	20.4 ± 1.1^$	51.1 ± 13.3^$	0.6 ± 0.1	521.0 ± 165.0*	20.9 ± 4.9	13.3 ± 1.5	21.4 ± 3.8^#
10%FS + XRT (-3 wks)	14.7 ± 1.5	17.9 ± 0.6	28.0 ± 6.4	54.2 ± 13.6*	0.9 ± 0.3*	396.0 ± 49.3	14.8 ± 2.8	15.7 ± 1.6	16.9 ± 3.4^#
10%FS + XRT (+2 wks)	13.1 ± 2.9	15.9 ± 1.0	16.6 ± 1.7*	43.2 ± 7.9*	0.3 ± 0.1^§§	380.5 ± 162.7	7.2 ± 2.0	14.5 ± 1.7	13.4 ± 1.3^#
10%FS + XRT (+4 wks)	7.4 ± 1.0	16.6 ± 0.6	13.0 ± 1.8*	16.2 ± 1.2^{# §}	0.1 ± 0.0^§§	444.0 ± 66.8	8.8 ± 1.6	10.0 ± 1.2	6.8 ± 2.2^#
10%FS + XRT (+6 wks)	7.7 ± 1.2	16.5 ± 0.9	15.3 ± 1.7^$	26.8 ± 7.1^#	0.2 ± 0.0^§§	264.7 ± 150.7	9.0 ± 4.8	10.0 ± 2.1	11.7 ± 1.8^#

Mice were fed with 0% or 10%FS diet prior (-3 weeks) or post (+2, +4, +6 weeks) X-ray radiation therapy (XRT) and sacrificed after 4 months. Lungs were lavaged and cytokine levels in BAL were measured. Data is represented mean ± SEM of two independent experiments (n = 15 and 25 mice in non-irradiated and irradiated groups, respectively). Values are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments. n = 15 and 25 in non irradiated and irradiated groups respectively.
^$ p ≤ 0.05, * p ≤ 0.01, ^# p ≤ 0.0005, for 0%FS irradiated vs. 10%FS irradiated groups.
^§p ≤ 0.05, ^§§ p ≤ 0.01 for 10%FS given preventively to XRT Vs 10%FS started therapeutically post-XRT.

ISSN: 1471-2407