Table 2 Levels of biomarkers before, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h after application of TACE (medians; ranges; p-values for changes from 0 h)

Nucleosomes (ng/mL)

97.8

69.8

66.4

139.3

(10.0 - 846.0)

(10.0 - 1861.3)

(13.0 - 660.1)

(11.9 - 1116.5)

0.067

0.121

0.007

AFP (ng/mL)

5.9

5.5

5.8

5.4

(0.8 - 71221.0)

(0.9 - 73955.0)

(0.9 - 82861.0)

(0.9 - 70228.0)

0.032

0.086

0.553

CYFRA 21-1 (ng/mL)

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.0

(0.5 - 20.9)

(0.5 - 21.6)

(0.5 - 22.1)

(0.6 - 31.0)

0.702

0.017

0.003

LDH (U/L)

200.0

199.0

204.5

240.0

(139.0 - 403.0)

(137.0 - 412.0)

(136.0 - 391.0)

(155.0 - 1062.0)

0.958

0.351

< 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

0.5

0.5

0.6

1.4

(0.1 - 10.5)

(0.1 - 11.7)

(0.1 - 12.4)

(0.1 - 13.3)

0.802

0.262

< 0.001

AST (U/L)

49.0

51.0

53.5

90.0

(18.0 - 238.0)

(20.0 - 263.0)

(18.0 - 248.0)

(30.0 - 710.0)

0.063

< 0.001

< 0.001

ALT (U/L)

38.0

38.0

40.0

60.0

(12.0 - 179.0)

(15.0 - 190.0)

(16.0 - 198.0)

(21.0 - 740.0)

0.083

0.313

< 0.001

GLDH (U/L)

6.6

5.9

6.5

16.8

(1.0 - 42.3)

(1.0 - 36.2)

(1.0 - 33.9)

(1.5 - 206.0)

0.065

0.574

< 0.001

Bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.9

1.2

1.2

1.5

(0.3 - 6.1)

(0.3 - 7.3)

(0.3 - 7.2)

(0.5 - 9.5)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

GGT (U/L)

156.0

153.0

161.0

168.0

(25.0 - 1007.0)

(22.0 - 888.0)

(23.0 - 911.0)

(25.0 - 930.0)

< 0.001

0.092

0.001

AP (U/L)

128.0

113.0

124.0

124.0

(58.0 - 421.0)

(57.0 - 408.0)

(54.0 - 416.0)

(62.0 - 468.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.221

Amylase (U/L)

82.0

80.0

81.5

77.0

(24.0 - 839.0)

(19.0 - 773.0)

(20.0 - 821.0)

(24.0 - 829.0)

< 0.001

0.322

0.131

Lipase (U/L)

42.0

36.0

36.5

34.0

(9.0 - 342.0)

(8.0 - 149.0)

(6.0 - 127.0)

(8.0 - 188.0)

< 0.001

0.061

< 0.001

CHE (kU/L)

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.4

(0.9 - 8.8)

(0.8 - 9.4)

(0.9 - 8.8)

(0.9 - 9.7)

0.563

0.840

0.002

Urea (mg/dL)

33.0

33.0

35.5

35.0

(16.0 - 87.0)

(17.0 - 79.0)

(16.0 - 81.0)

(17.0 - 89.0)

0.079

0.316

0.014

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.9

6.2

6.1

6.0

(3.2 - 10.7)

(3.2 - 10.9)

(3.4 - 10.9)

(3.5 - 10.9)

0.011

0.018

0.438

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

(0.6 - 1.6)

(0.5 - 1.7)

(0.5 - 1.7)

(0.6 - 1.8)

0.001

0.393

0.201