Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects by diabetes and metformin using status
Descriptor | Non-DM†(n = 10491) | DM without medication‡ (n = 8130) | DM without metformin§ (n = 4327) | DM with metformin¶ (n = 11390) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
   20-49 yr | 2685 (25.6) | 2230 (27.4) | 1067 (24.7) | 2977 (26.1) |  |
   50-59 yr | 3483 (33.2) | 2202 (27.1) | 1156 (26.7) | 3638 (31.9) |  |
   60-69 yr | 2406 (22.9) | 1639 (20.2) | 940 (21.7) | 2530 (22.2) |  |
   ≥70 yr | 1917 (18.3) | 2059 (25.3) | 1164 (26.9) | 2245 (19.7) |  |
Female gender, n (%) | 4822 (46.0) | 4177 (51.4) | 1966 (45.4) | 5134 (45.1) | <0.001 |
Geographical area, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
   North | 4938 (47.1) | 4145 (51.0) | 1731 (40.0) | 5031 (44.2) |  |
   Central | 2472 (23.6) | 1739 (21.4) | 1052 (24.3) | 2638 (23.2) |  |
   South | 2761 (26.3) | 2032 (25.0) | 1359 (31.4) | 3285 (28.8) |  |
   East | 250 (2.38) | 150 (1.85) | 138 (3.19) | 357 (3.13) |  |
   Off-shore | 70 (0.67) | 64 (0.79) | 47 (1.09) | 79 (0.69) |  |
Charlson comorbidity index score | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
   Mean ± SD | 0.25 ± 1.28 | 5.29 ± 3.68 | 4.79 ± 3.77 | 4.38 ± 3.54 |  |
   Median ± IQR | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 5.00 ± 6.00 | 4.00 ± 5.00 | 4.00 ± 6.00 |  |
   Min-Max | 0-15 | 0-17 | 0-21 | 0-20 |  |
Follow-up time (yr) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Mean ± SD | 3.94 ± 2.09 | 3.94 ± 2.14 | 3.52 ± 2.10 | 3.90 ± 2.08 |  |
   Median ± IQR | 3.80 ± 3.49 | 3.80 ± 3.65 | 3.28 ± 3.47 | 3.76 ± 3.44 |  |
   Min-Max | 0.50-7.99 | 0.50-7.99 | 0.50-7.99 | 0.50-7.99 |  |
Withdrawal from NHI, n (%) | 451 (4.30) | 157 (1.93) | 88 (2.03) | 240 (2.11) | Â |
Mean daily metformin dose, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤500 mg |  |  |  | 3460 (30.4) |  |
   500-1000 mg |  |  |  | 4012 (35.2) |  |
   ≥1000 mg |  |  |  | 3918 (34.4) |  |
Metformin use duration (day) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Mean ± SD |  |  |  | 931 ± 765 |  |
   Median ± IQR |  |  |  | 755 ± 1200 |  |
   Min-Max |  |  |  | 1-2911 |  |