Cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking, passive smoke exposure, and risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based study in the San Francisco Bay Area

Table 2 Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer (PanCA) associated with smoking status, intensity and duration, San Francisco Bay Area, California

		PanCA^a	Controls^a
		N = 532	N = 1701	OR (95% CI)^b
		n (%)	n (%)
	Never smoked	163 (32)	650 (40)	1.0 (Ref.)
Cigarette Smoking
	Former smoker^c	241 (47)	781 (48)	1.1 (0.87 - 1.4)
	Current smoker^d	112 (22)	197 (12)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.7)
			P-trend	0.0002
Ever smoked cigars and/or pipes^e		100 (19)	334 (32)	0.88 (0.66 - 1.2)
Average cigarettes/day
	<20	194 (38)	608 (37)	1.2 (0.92 - 1.5)
	20-<40	137 (27)	329 (20)	1.4 (1.0 - 1.9)
	40+	22 (4)	41 (3)	1.8 (0.99 - 3.1)
			P-trend	0.008
Years smoked
	<20	177 (34)	637 (39)	0.9 (0.68 - 1.7)
	20-<40	64 (12)	144 (9)	1.3 (0.98 - 1.7)
	40+	112 (22)	197 (12)	1.8 (1.3 - 2.4)
			P-trend	0.0001
Pack years
	<20	129 (25)	487 (30)	1.1 (0.81 - 1.4)
	20-<40	110 (21)	310 (19)	1.2 (0.90 - 1.6)
	40+	114 (22)	181 (11)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.8)
			P-trend	<.0001

^a The number of participants may vary because of missing data
^b Adjusted for: age, education, race, ethnicity, diabetes, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, alcohol intake and body mass index
^c Includes smokers who quit ≥1 year prior to diagnosis/interview
^d Includes former smokers who quit within the immediate 1 year prior to interview
^e Includes cigar and pipe smokers who also smoked cigarettes and 16 cases and 73 controls who were cigar and/or pipe smokers who did not smoke cigarettes

ISSN: 1471-2407