Figure 2

Incidence of expression of CCL2, CCL5, TNFα and IL-1β in healthy individuals and breast cancer patients. The expression of CCL2, CCL5, TNFα and IL-1β was determined by IHC in four groups of patients, in biopsies obtained at the time of diagnosis: Benign (n = 38), DCIS (n = 30), IDC-no-relapse (n = 23) and IDC-with-relapse (n = 35). The incidences of expression of the four factors are diagrammed according to the type of factor analyzed. The number of patients positive for protein expression is indicated above the relevant bar, and the incidence is presented in percentages. ***p < 0.001 for the differences between the incidences of expression of each factor in the tumor cells of DCIS/IDC-no-relapse/IDC-with-relapse, and the incidence of its expression in the normal cells of the Benign group. No significant differences were denoted with respect to CCL2 and CCL5 expression in the tumor cells between the DCIS, IDC-no-relapse and IDC-with-relapse groups. For TNFα and IL-1β expression in the tumor cells, significant elevations were denoted only for the incidence of expression between the DCIS and the IDC-with-relapse groups (TNFα: p = 0.005; IL-1β: p = 0.017).