Figure 3

Effects of VPA on individual cell motility and the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation in L929 cells. (a) Time-response curve showing the effects VPA on mean-cell speed of L929 cells exposed to 3 mM VPA. Cells were recorded for 20 min at 2 min intervals. The mean-cell speed of the individual cells was normalized to the corresponding cells untreated with VPA from four to seven independent experiments. (b) Time-response curve from a representative experiment showing the effect of VPA on mean-squared displacement (<d2>). At the indicated time-point, VPA was added to the cell culture to a final concentration of 3 mM. Control (open circle) and VPA-treated (solid circle) cells were recorded at 2 and 1 min intervals, respectively. (c-f) Effects of VPA on the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation in L929 cells. (c, e) Representative immunoblots showing the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation in cells grown in the presence or absence of 3 mM VPA for 20 min to 24 h (c) or the presence or absence of 0-3 mM VPA for 24 h (e). The corresponding levels of Erk1/2 are shown as loading controls. (d, f) Time- and dose-response graphs showing the effects of 3 mM VPA for 0-24 h (d) or 0-3 mM VPA for 24 h (f) on the degree of Erk1/2 phosphorylation, which was normalized to the corresponding cells untreated with VPA from four to five individual experiments.