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Table 4 Associations between intake of water-soluble antioxidants and survival following glioma diagnosis†, stratified by histology group

From: Daily intake of antioxidants in relation to survival among adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma

Nutrient (unit) Tertiles

All or self-report (SR) only

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

     

(143 cases, 72 deaths)

(130 cases, 103 deaths)

(475 cases, 473 deaths)

 

Lower limit

 

Upper limit

 

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Vitamin C (mg)

       

T1:

4.5

to

84.1

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

84.1

to

149.6

 

1.33

(0.72-2.48)

0.71

(0.40-1.27)

1.23

(0.96-1.57)

T3:

149.6

to

869.6

 

0.52

(0.23-1.20)

1.07

(0.56-2.03)

.44*

(1.09-1.91)

T1:

4.5

to

84.1

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

84.1

to

149.6

 

1.21

(0.63-2.34)

1.04

(0.50-2.16)

1.2

(0.84-1.72)

T3:

149.6

to

869.6

 

0.56

(0.21-1.47)

1.18

(0.51-2.75)

1.28

(0.87-1.90)

Formononetin (mcg)

       

T1:

0.1

to

9.3

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

9.4

to

23.0

 

1.08

(0.55-2.15)

47*

(0.25-0.89)

.27*

(1.00-1.61)

T3:

23.1

to

155.6

 

1.08

(0.46-2.52)

0.79

(0.43-1.43)

1.04

(0.79-1.37)

T1:

0.1

to

9.3

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

9.4

to

23.0

 

1.18

(0.57-2.42)

0.67

(0.29-1.53)

1.16

(0.82-1.63)

T3:

23.1

to

155.6

 

0.96

(0.41-2.29)

0.56

(0.27-1.14)

1.03

(0.71-1.49)

Genistein (mcg)

       

T1:

8.1

to

141.3

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

141.7

to

291.3

 

1.18

(0.57-2.43)

1.18

(0.66-2.12)

1.2

(0.92-1.56)

T3:

291.6

to

44265.2

 

1.05

(0.40-2.74)

1.25

(0.69-2.27)

1.35*

(1.00-1.81)

T1:

8.1

to

141.3

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

141.7

to

291.3

 

0.93

(0.42-2.07)

1.53

(0.71-3.29)

1.02

(0.70-1.48)

T3:

291.6

to

44265.2

 

0.78

(0.29-2.15)

1.56

(0.65-3.74)

1.42

(0.96-2.10)

Daidzein (mcg)

       

T1:

10.1

to

269.0

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

270.1

to

440.6

 

1.77

(0.96-3.26)

0.71

(0.40-1.28)

1.06

(0.83-1.36)

T3:

440.6

to

36886.6

 

1.7

(0.70-4.14)

1.01

(0.55-1.85)

1.13

(0.86-1.49)

T1:

10.1

to

269.0

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

270.1

to

440.6

 

1.54

(0.75-3.17)

1.05

(0.49-2.25)

1.2

(0.84-1.72)

T3:

440.6

to

36886.6

 

1.21

(0.46-3.20)

0.7

(0.29-1.66)

1.08

(0.75-1.57)

Biochanin A (mcg)

       

T1:

0.0

to

15.4

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

15.4

to

37.8

 

1.03

(0.53-2.01)

0.84

(0.47-1.51)

1.27

(0.99-1.62)

T3:

37.8

to

334.7

 

0.6

(0.28-1.30)

0.91

(0.45-1.88)

1.26

(0.97-1.64)

T1:

0.0

to

15.4

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

15.4

to

37.8

 

1.24

(0.62-2.49)

0.56

(0.26-1.20)

0.92

(0.64-1.33)

T3:

37.8

to

334.7

 

0.56

(0.24-1.32)

0.66

(0.27-1.57)

1.02

(0.70-1.50)

Calcium (mg)

       

T1:

85.0

to

499.9

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

501.6

to

807.7

 

1.23

(0.61-2.47)

0.7

(0.39-1.24)

1.06

(0.82-1.37)

T3:

808.1

to

2686.8

 

0.95

(0.35-2.53)

1.22

(0.59-2.55)

0.87

(0.64-1.19)

T1:

85.0

to

499.9

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

501.6

to

807.7

 

1.5

(0.70-3.24)

1.32

(0.65-2.67)

1.06

(0.74-1.52)

T3:

808.1

to

2686.8

 

1.56

(0.58-4.15)

2.27

(0.93-5.53)

0.81

(0.53-1.24)

Folate (mcg)

       

T1:

56.5

to

297.0

ALL

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

297.4

to

434.7

 

0.45*

(0.20-0.99)

1.05

(0.62-1.78)

0.84

(0.65-1.09)

T3:

435.1

to

1530.0

 

0.35

(0.12-1.01)

0.59

(0.28-1.24)

1.08

(0.78-1.50)

T1:

56.5

to

297.0

SR

1

 

1

 

1

 

T2:

297.4

to

434.7

 

0.49

(0.22-1.12)

1.29

(0.61-2.73)

0.82

(0.57-1.17)

T3:

435.1

to

1530.0

 

0.41

(0.13-1.29)

2.26

(0.77-6.60)

1.09

(0.68-1.74)

  1. † adjusted for reporting status (all cases vs self reported cases only), age at diagnosis (<48,48-65,>65), treatment (radiation, chemo, surgery - yes/no), education (<12, 12, >12), marital status (yes/no), total calories (continuous), pack years (median=18.5), and age at first alcoholic drink (<18,18 - 20,>20).
  2. * p < 0.05
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