| Lung cancer cases (N = 948) | Controls (N = 1743) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Means ± SD | Means ± SD | (t-test) | ||
Age, yr | 62.5 ± 10.1 | 62.2 ± 10.3 | 0.4322 | ||
Vegetables, servings/mo | 71.5 ± 41.0 | 79.6 ± 43.9 | <0.0001 | ||
Fruits, servings/mo | 41.7 ± 32.7 | 47.8 ± 32.3 | <0.0001 | ||
Meats, servings/mo | 34.8 ± 24.4 | 30.3 ± 22.1 | <0.0001 | ||
Cruciferous1, servings/mo | 12.9 ± 13.7 | 15.7 ± 16.4 | <0.0001 | ||
Raw cruciferous2, servings/mo | 4.2 ± 5.9 | 5.7 ± 7.9 | <0.0001 | ||
Cigarettes per day | 29.3 ± 15.9 | 22.6 ± 14.8 | <0.0001 | ||
Years of smoking | 37.0 ± 14.4 | 27.1 ± 15.6 | <0.0001 | ||
 | Lung cancer cases | Controls | P | ||
 | Number | % | Number | % | (χ 2 -test) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < High school | 361 | 38.1 | 427 | 24.5 |  |
   > High school | 587 | 61.9 | 1316 | 75.5 | <0.0001 |
Year of Admission | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1981-1989 | 514 | 54.2 | 1028 | 59.0 |  |
   1990-1999 | 434 | 45.8 | 715 | 41.0 | 0.0171 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 583 | 61.5 | 1036 | 59.4 |  |
   Female | 365 | 38.5 | 707 | 40.6 | 0.2971 |
Smoking Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never Smokers | 51 | 5.4 | 100 | 5.7 |  |
   Former Smokers | 684 | 72.1 | 1269 | 72.8 |  |
   Current Smokers | 213 | 22.5 | 374 | 21.5 | 0.7930 |