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Table 2 Factors associated with breast cancer screening practice1 in univariate analysis (n = 2,583)

From: Factors associated with use of breast cancer screening services by women aged ≥ 40 years in Korea: The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 (KNHANES III)

Socio-demographic factors

 

%

univariate OR

95%CI

Age (years)

40-49

35.26

1.0(ref)

  
 

50-64

35.25

1

0.83

1.21

 

65+

16.36

0.36

0.28

0.46

Education

No

14.69

1.0(ref)

  
 

Elementary school (≤ 6 years)

26.90

2.14

1.56

2.92

 

Middle/high school (7-12 years)

35.17

3.15

2.34

4.23

 

University/higher (≥ 13 years)

45.08

4.77

3.32

6.85

Household monthly income2

Lowest tertile (≤ US$650)

22.68

1.0(ref)

  
 

Middle tertile (US$650-1,345)

30.37

1.49

1.2

1.85

 

Highest tertile (≥ US$1,345)

37.96

2.09

1.69

2.58

National health Insurance (NHI)/Medicaid

NHI

30.6

   
 

Medicaid

27.74

0.87

0.61

1.25

Private health insurance

No

20.57

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

36.16

2.19

1.81

2.64

Marital status3

With spouse

33.69

1.0(ref)

  
 

Without spouse

23.4

0.6

0.5

0.73

Residential area

Urban

31.3

1.0(ref)

  
 

Rural

27.73

0.84

0.69

1.03

Health behavioral risk factors

     

Alcohol

Never

27.5

1.0(ref)

  
 

Less than once per month

33.96

1.36

1.11

1.66

 

More than once per month

30.85

1.18

0.96

1.45

Lifetime smoker4

No

31.98

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

14.89

0.37

0.26

0.54

Physical activity of moderate intensity5

Never

27.34

   
 

More than once per week

36.44

1.52

1.26

1.84

 

Everyday

32.03

1.25

0.96

1.63

Psychological and cognitive factors

     

Stress

Often

29.05

1.0(ref)

  
 

Rarely

31.2

1.11

0.93

1.32

Depression6

No

30.7

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

29.49

0.94

0.77

1.16

Attitude towards effectiveness of medical examination

Effective

42.42

1.0(ref)

  
 

Not effective/not received medical exam.

11.28

0.17

0.14

0.22

Physical function and health status

     

Self-reported health status

Healthy

32.61

1.0(ref)

  
 

Fair

34.64

1.09

0.89

1.35

 

Unhealthy

24.6

0.67

0.54

0.84

Number of chronic diseases7

0-3

31.73

1.0(ref)

  
 

4+

28.64

0.86

0.73

1.02

Disabled8

No

30.55

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

26.97

0.84

0.52

1.35

Visual problem

No

32.12

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

27.91

0.82

0.69

0.97

Hearing problem

No

31.65

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

23.36

0.66

0.51

0.85

Walking problem

No

32.63

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

23.93

0.65

0.53

0.8

Limitation in daily activities

No

31.79

1.0(ref)

  
 

Yes

23.94

0.68

0.53

0.85

  1. 1 Subjects who had undergone a mammography or breast ultrasonography within the previous 2 years were considered as having received breast cancer screening as recommended by the KNCSP guidelines
  2. 2 To derive income per adult equivalent, we defined as household 'income/square root of person'
  3. 3 The term 'spouse' refers to an individual who is legally married or cohabiting, 'without spouse' refers to an individual who is single, divorced, or separated
  4. 4 'Lifetime smoker' included respondents who reported that they have smoked at least 100 cigarettes and still smoke
  5. 5 Moderate-intensity activitiesas were defined as lasting at least 10 minutes and increasing heart rate slightly compared with sedentary activities
  6. 6 Experience of depression was assessed by the question, "During the past 1 year, have you often been bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things nearly every day for the past 2 weeks?"
  7. 7 Chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, musculoskeletal disease, gastrointestinal disease, and anemia
  8. 8 Registered as a disabled person
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